Impact of Diatomite and Biochar Application on Methane Emissions and Related Microorganisms in Paddy Fields

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.007

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the effects of diatomite，biochar，and their combined application on methane（CH₄）emission，methanogen（mcrA）and methanotroph（pmoA）communities in paddy fields，a pot experiment was set up with four treatments：no amendment（CK），full‑dose biochar（B），full‑dose diatomite（S），and half‑dose biochar plus half‑dose diatomite（BS）.During the entire rice growth period，CH₄ emissions were monitored，and soil dissolved organic carbon（DOC）content，ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺‑N）content，redox potential（Eh），as well as mcrA and pmoA gene abundances and related microbial community structures were determined and compared.The results showed that compared with CK，the total cumulative CH₄ emissions in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 23.47%，29.95%，and 32.51% throughout the growth period.Compared with CK，S and BS treatments significantly increased soil NH₄⁺‑N content.The abundances of mcrA and pmoA genes and the mcrA/pmoA value were the highest in the tillering stage across all four treatments.Compared with CK，the average mcrA/pmoA values in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 40.82%，49.78%，and 55.31% throughout the growth period.The community diversity of methanogens increased，while that of methanotrophs decreased in B，S，and BS treatments.These treatments reduced the relative abundances of Methanosarcinaceae and Methylococcus，but increased that of Methanobacteriaceae；S and BS treatments further increased the relative abundance of Methylocystis.Correlation analysis results indicated that CH₄ emission flux was significantly positively correlated with the mcrA/pmoA value at the significance levels of 0.001，0.01，0.05，and 0.05 in the tillering，jointing，booting，and maturity stages，respectively.In conclusion，biochar，diatomite，and their combined application all have the potential to reduce CH₄ emissions in paddy fields，with the combined application of biochar and diatomite exhibiting the best CH₄ reduction effect.

Key words: Paddy field, Biochar, Diatomite, Methane, Methanogen, Methanotroph

摘要： 为明确硅藻土、生物炭及二者配施对稻田甲烷（CH₄）排放、产甲烷菌（mcrA 基因）和甲烷氧化菌（pmoA 基因）群落的影响，通过盆栽试验设置无改良剂添加（CK）、添加全量生物炭（B）、添加全量硅藻土（S）、添加半量生物炭和半量硅藻土（BS）4个处理，在水稻全生育期监测不同处理的CH₄排放量，测定并比较其土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）含量、氧化还原电位（Eh）及mcrA、pmoA基因丰度和相关微生物群落结构。结果表明，B、S和BS处理在水稻全生育期的总CH4累积排放量分别降低了23.47%、29.95%、32.51%；S和BS处理显著提高了土壤NH₄⁺-N含量。4个处理的mcrA、pmoA基因丰度及mcrA/pmoA值均在分蘖期最高；与CK 相比，B、S 和BS 处理全生育期的平均mcrA/pmoA值分别降低40.82%、49.78%、55.31%。与CK相比，B、S和BS处理的产甲烷菌群落多样性增加，甲烷氧化菌群落多样性降低。B、S和BS处理显著降低了甲烷八叠球菌科（Methanosarcinaceae）、甲基球菌属（Methylococcus）的相对丰度，显著增加了甲烷杆菌科（Methanobacteriaceae）的相对丰度；S和BS处理显著增加了甲基孢囊菌属（Methylocystis）的相对丰度。相关性分析结果表明，在水稻分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期和成熟期，CH₄排放通量与mcrA/pmoA值分别在0.001、0.01、0.05、0.05水平上正相关。综上，生物炭、硅藻土以及生物炭和硅藻土配施均具有降低稻田CH₄排放的潜力，其中生物炭和硅藻土配施对CH₄减排的效果最佳。

关键词: 稻田, 生物炭, 硅藻土, 甲烷, 产甲烷菌, 甲烷氧化菌

CLC Number:

S511

TIAN Lixia, LI Shuanglong, LIU Zhangyong, LIU Dong, JIANG Mengdie, NIE Jiangwen, JIN Tao. Impact of Diatomite and Biochar Application on Methane Emissions and Related Microorganisms in Paddy Fields[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 69-81.

田黎霞, 李双龙, 刘章勇, 刘冬, 蒋梦蝶, 聂江文, 金涛. 硅藻土和生物炭对稻田甲烷排放及相关微生物的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(8): 69-81.

Figures/Tables 11

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