Effect of Biochar Combined with Natural Minerals on Reducing Substances in Paddy Soil

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.009

Abstract

Abstract: In order to investigate the change of soil redox status after straw returning and the recluction effect of biochar combined with natural minerals on soil reducing substances in paddy field，the corn straw biochar（B Ⅰ），tobacco straw biochar（B Ⅱ）and natural minerals（S）were combined into conditioning agents in different proportions.The pot planting was used to study the effects on soil total reducing substances，active reducing substances，Fe²⁺，Mn²⁺ and yield of paddy.The results showed that，straw returning increased soil reducing matter content at seedling stage to tillering stage.The average contents of total reducing matter，active reducing matter and ferrous ion in RS（straw⁃returning）treatment increased by 1.18，1.83 cmol/kg and 194.22 mg/kg，respectively，compared with CK（without straw⁃returning）treatment. Corn straw biochar was better than tobacco straw biochar in reducing soil reducing substances.In S₅BⅠ₅（S∶BⅠ=5∶5），S₃BⅠ₇（S∶BⅠ=3∶7）and S0BⅠ₁₀（S∶BⅠ=0∶10），the average contents of total reducing substances and active reducing substances were decreased by 0.13—0.20 cmol/kg and 0.23—0.60 cmol/kg compared with RS，respectively.The average ferrous content of S₃BⅠ₇ was 110.41 mg/kg lower than that of RS treatment.Compared with RS treatment，except for S₃BⅡ₇（S∶BⅡ=3∶7），corn straw biochar and tobacco straw biochar combined with natural minerals reduced soil solution ferrous content in the range of 29.78—54.60 μg/kg and 8.58—33.57 μg/kg near rice roots.Compared with RS treatment，the average pH value of soil solution with different compound adjusters was increased by 0.06—0.29.The effective spikes and solid grain weight of S₃BⅠ₇ treatment were 4.0 points/hole and 12.4 g/hole higher than RS treatment，respectively.In conclusion，straw returning to the field can increase soil reducing substances in the early stage of rice growth，and the combination of biomass charcoal and natural minerals can effectively reduce the production rate of soil reducing substances and Fe²⁺，improve the pH of soil solution，and ultimately increase the effective spikes and yield of rice.The effect of corn straw biochar is better than that of tobacco straw biochar，and the mixture of corn straw biochar and natural mineral at 7∶3 has better effect.

Key words: Paddy soil, Biochar, Amendment, Straw returning, Reducing substance

摘要： 为探究秸秆还田后土壤氧化还原状况变化和生物炭复配天然矿物对稻田土壤还原性物质削减效果，将玉米秸秆生物炭（BⅠ）、烟草秸秆生物炭（BⅡ）与天然矿物（S）按不同比值组合成调理剂，采用盆栽的方法研究其对稻田土壤还原性物质总量，活性还原性物质、亚铁离子（Fe²⁺）、亚锰离子（Mn²⁺）含量及产量的影响。结果表明，水稻苗期—分蘖期，秸秆还田可提高土壤还原性物质含量，RS处理（秸秆还田）还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质和Fe²⁺含量平均值分别比CK（秸秆不还田）提高1.18 cmol/kg、1.83cmol/kg、194.22 mg/kg。玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤还原性物质降低效果优于烟草秸秆生物炭。其中，S₅BⅠ₅（S∶BⅠ=5∶5）、S₃BⅠ₇（S∶BⅠ=3∶7）、S₀BⅠ₁₀（S∶BⅠ=0∶10）还原性物质总量和活性还原性物质含量平均值分别比RS降低0.13~0.20 、0.23~0.60 cmol/kg；S₃BⅠ₇的Fe²⁺平均含量比RS处理降低110.41 mg/kg；除S3BⅡ7（S∶BⅡ=3∶7）外，玉米秸秆生物炭和烟草秸秆生物炭及其与天然矿物复配比RS处理水稻根系附近土壤溶液Fe²⁺含量降低幅度在29.78~54.60、8.58~33.57 μg/kg。不同复配调理剂处理土壤溶液平均pH值比RS处理提高了0.06~0.29。S₃BⅠ₇处理有效穗数和实粒质量比RS提高了4.0个/穴、12.4 g/穴。综上所述，秸秆还田会提高水稻生育前期土壤还原性物质含量，生物质炭与天然矿物复配可以有效降低土壤还原性物质含量和Fe²⁺产生速率，改善土壤溶液酸碱度，最终提高水稻有效穗数和产量。其中玉米秸秆生物炭改善效果优于烟草秸秆生物炭，并且玉米秸秆生物炭与天然矿物以7∶3复配具有最好的效果。

关键词: 稻田土壤, 生物炭, 调理剂, 秸秆还田, 还原性物质

CLC Number:

S156

FU Xihao, ZHU Jianqiang, FAN Xianpeng, ZHANG Zhiyi, HE Shaohua, NI Chengfan, WU Maoqian. Effect of Biochar Combined with Natural Minerals on Reducing Substances in Paddy Soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(11): 75-84.

傅玺豪, 朱建强, 范先鹏, 张志毅, 何绍华, 倪承凡, 吴茂前. 生物炭复配天然矿物对稻田土壤还原性物质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2023, 52(11): 75-84.

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