Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008

Abstract

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in Weining County，Bijie City，Guizhou Province in 2021，to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen（N）fertilizer gradients（100%N，85%N and 70%N）were applied with organic materials［biochar（B）and commercial organic fertilizer （O），6 000 kg/ha］to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield，nutrient absorption，fertilizer utilization，quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced，compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），the combined application of biochar（100%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（100%NO）could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha，with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively，and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha，with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials，the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly，and the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N，P₂O₅ and K2O treated with biochar（85%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（85%NO）were equivalent to those treated with 100%N（the difference was not significant），which could stabilize and increase yield，and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%，even if biochar（70%NB） and commercial organic fertilizer（70%NO）were applied，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary，in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou，the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha，and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time，and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate.

Key words: Nitrogen reduction, Organic materials, Alpine vegetable, Cabbage, Growth

摘要： 为探讨氮肥减施及配施不同有机物料在贵州高山冷凉蔬菜甘蓝上的应用效果，于2021年在贵州省毕节市威宁县，采用田间试验，设置3个氮肥（N）梯度（100%N、85%N和70%N）配施有机物料［生物炭（B）或商品有机肥（O），6 000 kg/hm²］处理，研究其对贵州高山冷凉蔬菜甘蓝产量、养分吸收、肥料利用率、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明，氮肥不减施情况下，与单施氮肥（100%N）相比，配施生物炭（100%NB）和商品有机肥（100%NO）处理甘蓝产量分别增加5 544、6 433 kg/hm²，增幅分别为7.16%、8.31%；收益分别增加5 299、6 476元/hm²，增幅分别为6.47%、7.91%；甘蓝养分累积量及氮磷钾农学效率、吸收利用效率高于100%N处理；甘蓝硝酸盐含量显著降低，可溶性糖、维生素C、游离氨基酸和蛋白质含量均表现为增加趋势。当氮肥减施15%时，配施生物炭（85%NB）和商品有机肥（85%NO）处理甘蓝产量、产值、纯收益、养分累积量、品质以及氮磷钾农学效率、吸收利用效率均与100%N处理相当（差异不显著），均能起到稳产和增产的效果，其中商品有机肥效果优于生物炭。当氮肥减施30%时，即使配施生物炭（70%NB）和商品有机肥（70%NO），甘蓝产量、产值、纯收益、养分累积量、品质以及氮磷钾农学效率、吸收利用效率较100%N处理均呈降低趋势。综上，在贵州高山冷凉蔬菜区，配施生物炭或商品有机肥均能替代15% 化学氮肥，且替代效果以商品有机肥优于生物炭。建议在该地区氮肥投入量为191.25 kg/hm²，同时配施6 000 kg/hm²有机物料，且有机物料以商品有机肥为宜。

关键词: 氮肥减施, 有机物料, 高山冷凉蔬菜, 甘蓝, 生长

CLC Number:

S147
S635.1

WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(6): 76-84.

魏全全, 芶久兰, 张萌, 柳玲玲, 顾小凤, 陈龙. 氮肥减施配施有机物料对贵州高山甘蓝生长的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2022, 51(6): 76-84.

Figures/Tables 5

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