Abstract: To explore the resource utilization approaches of waste tobacco powder and develop flue gas harm reduction materials，hollow carbon microspheres were prepared from waste tobacco powder via a hydrothermal method at different temperatures（240，280，300 ℃）with different anionic polyacrylamide（APAM）dosages（20，100，200 mg）.The obtained samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，scanning electron microscopy，and thermogravimetric analysis.Then the hollow carbon microspheres were applied to cigarette filters to study their effects on the tar release of cigarette smoke，and the cigarette draw resistance，flavor adsorption capacity and sensory quality were evaluated.The results showed that the yield of hollow carbon microspheres decreased with increasing reaction temperature.Although the types of functional groups of the hollow carbon microspheres prepared under different reaction conditions were essentially consistent，there were differences in surface morphology and thermal stability.Comprehensive comparison showed that the hollow carbon microspheres fabricated at 280 ℃ with an APAM dosage of 100 mg delivered the best overall physicochemical properties：they possess favorable dispersibility and intact spherical structure，with a peak weight loss temperature reaching 400.45 ℃，demonstrating outstanding thermal stability.The cigarette application test results indicated that the as‐prepared hollow carbon microspheres fabricated at 280 °C with an APAM dosage of 100 mg achieved the optimal comprehensive application performance：they exhibited the most prominent tar adsorption effect with a decline of 39.74%；in terms of smoke draw resistance testing，the static draw resistance and axial mean value of dynamic draw resistance of cigarettes increased after adding the material，and the axial standard deviation of dynamic draw resistance was the best；in terms of sensory evaluation，the material significantly improved the uniformity of menthol release while reducing the transfer rate of menthol in the particulate phase of mainstream smoke，so that the aroma quality of the cigarettes before and after smoking was consistent，and the cigarette aroma was fuller and more complex.In summary，under the optimized conditions of temperature of 280 ℃ and APAM addition of 100 mg，the hollow carbon microspheres prepared by hydrothermal method have abundant functional groups，excellent thermal stability and good adsorption performance.Adding it to the cigarette filter can effectively reduce the content of harmful components in the smoke，thus providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the high value and multi‐purpose utilization of tobacco waste.

Key words: Waste tobacco powder, Hydrothermal method, Hollow carbon microsphere, Tar adsorption, Smoke hazard reduction

摘要： 为探究废弃烟末资源化利用方式，开发烟气减害材料，选用不同温度（240、280、300 ℃）与不同阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）添加量（20、100、200 mg），通过水热法将废弃烟末转化为空心炭微球，采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析对样品进行表征，然后将空心炭微球应用于卷烟滤嘴，研究其对卷烟烟气焦油释放量的影响，并对卷烟吸阻、香料吸附能力及感官质量进行评价。结果表明，随着反应温度升高，空心炭微球产率降低。不同反应条件下制备的空心炭微球虽然官能团种类基本一致，但表面形貌和热稳定性存在差异。综合比较发现，当制备温度为280 ℃、APAM添加量为100 mg时，所得空心炭微球的综合理化性能最优：其分散性良好，球形结构完整，且失重峰值温度可达400.45 ℃，表现出优异的热稳定性。卷烟应用结果表明，当制备温度为280 ℃、APAM添加量为100 mg时，所得空心炭微球的综合应用效果最佳：其对焦油的吸附效果最为显著，降幅达39.74%；在抽吸阻力检测方面，添加该材料后卷烟静态吸阻与动态吸阻轴向均值均有所增大，其中动态吸阻轴向标准偏差表现最优；在感官评价方面，该材料在降低主流烟气粒相物中薄荷醇转移率的同时，显著提升了其释放均匀性，使卷烟抽吸前后段香气品质保持一致，烟香更加饱满丰富。综上，在温度为280 ℃、APAM添加量为100 mg的优化条件下，水热法制备的空心炭微球官能团种类丰富、热稳定性优良且吸附性能良好。将其添加至卷烟滤嘴中，可有效降低烟气中有害成分的含量，从而为烟草废弃物的高值化与多用途利用提供了理论依据与技术参考。

关键词: 废弃烟末, 水热法, 空心炭微球, 焦油吸附, 烟气减害