The Growth of Four Fiber Crops in the Soils of Lead‐zinc Mining Area and Their Enrichment Effects on Heavy Metals

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.008

Abstract

Abstract: In order to determine the possibility of fiber crops to repair lead‐zinc contaminated soil，a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth characteristics of cotton，velvetleaf，jute and flax in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area，and their potential to repair polluted soil in lead‐zinc mining area was analyzed. The results showed that except flax，cotton，velvetleaf and jute could all grow in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area，and the physiological and biochemical indexes including chlorophyll level，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（Fv/Fm、Ф_PSⅡ ） were damaged for cotton and velvetleaf，and photosynthetic parameters（AN，Gs）were damaged for cotton，velvetleaf and jute growing in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area. The decrease of AN in cotton and velvetleaf growing in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area was mainly caused by non‐stomatal factors，while that in jute was caused by stomatal factors.In addition，the aboveground biomass of cotton and velvetleaf growing in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area decreased significantly by 38.5% and 63.9%，respectively，and the underground biomass of velvetleaf growing in polluted soil of lead‐zinc mining area decreased significantly by 29.4%，while these of jute had no change，and the tolerance to lead and zinc was ranked as jute，cotton and velvetleaf.The enrichment coefficients of lead and zinc in jute were equal to cotton and significantly higher than that of velvetleaf.The transport coefficients of lead and zinc of cotton，velvetleaf and jute were all greater than 1，but the transport coefficient of jute was larger than those of cotton and velvetleaf. It can be seen that jute is a dominant crop that can be grown on lead‐zinc heavy metal polluted soil.Therefore，according to the analyses of growth conditions，photosynthetic parameters，fluorescence parameters and heavy metal enrichment ability，the cotton，velvetleaf and jute can all grow in lead‐zinc polluted soil，and jute is more suitable for the remediation of heavy metal polluted soil dominated by lead and zinc.

Key words: Fiber crop, Lead and zinc pollution, Crop growth, Soil remediation

摘要： 为了明确纤维作物修复铅锌污染土壤的可能性，通过盆栽试验探究了4 种纤维作物（棉花、苘麻、黄麻、亚麻）在铅锌矿砂污染土壤中的生长特性，并分析了其修复铅锌矿砂污染土壤的潜力。结果表明，除亚麻外，棉花、苘麻、黄麻等3种作物均能在铅锌矿砂污染土壤中生长，棉花、苘麻叶绿素发生降解，叶绿素荧光参数［最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）、实际电子传递量子效率（Ф_PSⅡ）］受损，棉花、苘麻、黄麻光合参数［（净光合速率（AN）、气孔导度（Gs）］下降。棉花、苘麻AN下降的原因主要由非气孔因素引起，黄麻AN下降由气孔因素引起。铅锌矿砂污染土壤上，棉花、苘麻地上部生物量分别显著降低38.5%、63.9%，苘麻根系生物量显著降低29.4%，黄麻上述指标均无显著变化。对铅、锌重金属污染的耐受能力从大到小依次为黄麻、棉花、苘麻；在铅、锌的富集系数方面，黄麻与棉花无显著差异，但均显著高于苘麻；棉花、苘麻、黄麻的铅、锌转运系数值都大于1，且以黄麻转运系数为最高。因此，推荐黄麻作为铅锌重金属污染土壤上种植的优势作物。综上，棉花、苘麻、黄麻均能在铅锌矿砂污染土壤中生长，其中黄麻更适宜作为铅锌重金属污染土壤修复的优势植物。

关键词: 纤维作物, 铅锌污染, 作物生长, 土壤修复

CLC Number:

S561
S156

XU Zhiyong, CHEN Funing, ZHAO Quyun, HUANG Peng, YAO Jinglin, HU Wei. The Growth of Four Fiber Crops in the Soils of Lead‐zinc Mining Area and Their Enrichment Effects on Heavy Metals[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(5): 68-77.

徐志永, 陈富宁, 赵驱云, 黄鹏, 姚静林, 胡伟. 4 种纤维作物在铅锌矿区土壤中的生长及其对重金属的富集效果[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(5): 68-77.

Figures/Tables 8

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