河南农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 103-112.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量配施生物菌肥、叶面肥对设施油桃品质和土壤肥力的影响

托力哈纳依·努尔兰1,2,赵云文1,2,孙军利1,2,赵宝龙1,2,王超1,2   

  1. (1.特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用新疆生产建设兵团重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832003;2.石河子大学 农学院,新疆 石河子 832003)
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵宝龙(1975-),男,新疆奇台人,研究员,主要从事园艺植物栽培与生理研究。E-mail:1504201794@qq.com
  • 作者简介:托力哈纳依·努尔兰(1999-),男,新疆昌吉人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:果树栽培生理。E-mail:1561892414@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团揭榜挂帅项目(2022AA003);新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2021CB064)

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Biological Fertilizer and Foliar Fertilizer on the Quality of Facility Nectarines and Soil Fertility

TUOLIHANAYI Nuerlan1,2,ZHAO Yunwen1,2,SUN Junli1,2,ZHAO Baolong1,2,WANG Chao1,2   

  1. (1.Key Laboratory of Special Fruits & Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp,Shihezi 832003,China;2.College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)
  • Received:2024-12-20 Published:2025-05-15 Online:2025-06-10

摘要: 为明确化肥减量配施生物菌肥、叶面肥对设施油桃果实品质的影响,以3年生中农金辉油桃为材料,设置6个处理:随水冲施300 kg/hm2复合肥(常规施肥,CK);随水冲施240 kg/hm2复合肥(T1);在T1基础上,T2增施鱼蛋白生物菌肥150 kg/hm2,T3配施哈茨木霉菌与枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂各7.5 kg/hm2,T4为叶面喷施1 000倍液藻源生物刺激素,T5为叶面喷施600倍液磷酸二氢钾。分析其对设施油桃光合特性、果实品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,化肥减量配施生物菌肥、叶面肥可以促进叶绿素的积累,叶绿素含量以T4处理最高;净光合速率以T3处理提升效果显著,较常规施肥增加14.83%;果实品质及土壤肥力均以T3处理表现最优,其单果质量、可溶性糖、维生素C、有机质、全氮含量较常规施肥分别增加27.59%、14.11%、56.85%、12.54%和14.81%。综上,化肥减量配施生物菌肥或叶面肥均能不同程度地提高设施油桃光合特性、果实品质性状及土壤肥力,其中T3处理对油桃果实品质改善效果显著,且对土壤肥力提高也较为明显。

关键词: 设施油桃, 化肥减施, 生物菌肥, 叶面肥, 果实品质

Abstract: To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biofertilizers and foliar fertilizers applications on nectarine fruit quality in greenhouse cultivation,this study employed 3‐year‐old Zhongnong Jinhui nectarines under six treatments:CK(300 kg/ha conventional compound fertilizer with irrigation),T1(80% conventional fertilizer at 240 kg/ha),T2(T1+150 kg/ha fish protein biofertilizer),T3(T1+7. 5 kg/ha Trichoderma harzianum and 7. 5 kg/ha Bacillus subtilis),T4(T1+1 000 times diluted algal‐derived biostimulant for foliar spray),T5(T1+600 times diluted KH2PO4 for foliar spray).The experiment investigated impacts on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality parameters,and soil fertility.Results demonstrated that reduced chemical fertilization combined with biofertilizers and fertilizers enhanced chlorophyll biosynthesis.The optimal chlorophyll accumulation occurred with algal biostimulant application(T4).T3 treatment exhibited the most significant photosynthetic enhancement,showing 14.83% higher net photosynthetic rate than CK. Superior fruit quality and soil improvement were achieved in T3,demonstrating 27.59% increased single fruit weight,along with 14.11% and 56.85% elevations in soluble sugars and vitamin C respectively. Soil parameters showed 12.54% and 14.81% increases in organic matter and total nitrogen compared to CK.In conclusion,reducing chemical fertilizers in combination with biofertilizers or foliar fertilizers can enhance photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality traits,and soil fertility of greenhouse‐cultivated nectarines to varying degrees.Among the treatments,80% conventional fertilization combined with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis application optimally improves both nectarine fruit quality and soil fertility in protected cultivation systems.

Key words: Facility nectarine, Chemical fertilizer reduction, Biological fertilizer, Foliar fertilizer, Fruit quality

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