河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 134-140.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.01.016

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

添加剂对万寿菊茎叶青贮品质的影响

侯志江1,2,刘彦培3,蔡明3,高月娥3,张继才3,王玲1,刘建勇3,黄必志3   

  1. (1.云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所,云南 丽江 674199;2.云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南 昆明 650201;3.云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南 昆明 650212)
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-16 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘建勇(1969-),男,云南祥云人,研究员,硕士,主要从事动物营养与遗传育种研究。E-mail:ljy@ynbp.cn 黄必志(1964-),男,云南腾冲人,研究员,博士,主要从事草地畜牧业研究。E-mail:hbz@ynbp.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403049);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);云岭学者项目(2012HA012);云南省南志标院士工作站项目(2018IC074);云南省重大科技专项(2019ZG007);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0501800);云南省基础研究专项青年项目(202001AU070094)

Effects of Different Additives on Silage Quality of Stem and Leaf of Tagetes erecta L

HOU Zhijiang1,2,LIU Yanpei3,CAI Ming3,GAO Yuee3,ZHANG Jicai3,WANG Ling1,LIU Jianyong3,HUANG Bizhi3   

  1. (1.Institute of Alpine Economic Plant,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lijiang 674199,China;2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;3.Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Kunming 650212,China)
  • Received:2021-07-16 Published:2022-01-15 Online:2022-03-18
  • About author:侯志江(1982-),男,新疆哈密人,副研究员,在读博士研究生,主要从事经济植物研究。E-mail:houzhijiang123@126.com

摘要: 以万寿菊茎叶为青贮材料,研究乳酸菌、葡萄糖和甲酸3种添加剂对万寿菊茎叶青贮发酵品质及营养成分的影响,综合评价添加剂对万寿菊茎叶青贮的调控效果。试验设4个处理:对照组不加任何添加剂、乳酸菌制剂组按5.0×106 cfu/g添加、葡萄糖组按2 g/kg添加、甲酸组按6 mL/kg添加。青贮第3、6、9、12、15、30、45天的7个时间点取样,分析干物质和可溶性碳水化合物的变化规律,青贮结束后测定pH值、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、有机酸、氨态氮等的含量。结果显示,随着青贮时间的延长,乳酸菌组和葡萄糖组的干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量下降显著(P<0.05),甲酸组和对照组的干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量损失较小(P>0.05);青贮45 d后,乳酸菌组和葡萄糖组的粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组和甲酸组(P<0.05),而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和氨态氮/总氮则显著低于对照组和甲酸组(P<0.05);乳酸菌组的乳酸含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),甲酸组的乙酸含量显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),所有试验组均无丙酸和丁酸产生。综上,乳酸菌、葡萄糖和甲酸3种添加剂均能不同程度改善万寿菊茎叶青贮品质,其中以乳酸菌和葡萄糖效果较好,由于万寿菊茎叶自身生物学特性,所有处理青贮后的感官品
质均不能达到一级优良。

关键词: 万寿菊茎叶, 青贮, 添加剂, 营养品质, 发酵品质

Abstract: The effects of lactic acid bacteria,glucose and formic acid additives on fermentation quality and nutritional components of marigold stem and leaf silage were studied in this experiment to comprehensively evaluate their regulation effect.Four treatment groups were set up with control group without any additives,lactic acid bacteria group was added at 5.0×106 cfu/g,glucose group was added at 2 g/kg,and formic acid group was added at 6 mL/kg,respectively. Samples were taken at 7 time points on the 3rd,6th,9th,12th,1th,30th and 45th days of silage to analyze the changes of dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate,the pH,contents of crude protein,acid washing fiber,organic acid,ammonia nitrogen and other indexes were analyzed after 45 days of ensilage. The results showed that with the extension of ensilage time,the dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate content of the lactic acid bacteria group and the glucose group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while dry matter and soluble carbohydrate content were lost less in the formic acid group and the control group due to slow fermentation(P>0.05). After ensilaged for 45 days,the crude protein content of the lactic acid bacteria group and the glucose group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the formic acid group(P<0.05),while the ratio of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen were significantly lower than that of control group and formic acid group(P<0.05).The content of lactic acid in lactic acid bacteria group was significantly higher than that in other treatments(P<0.05),the content of acetic acid in formic acid group was significantly lower than that in other treatments(P<0.05),and no propionic acid and butyric acid were produced in all experimental groups. In conclusion,the three additives can improve the silage quality of marigold stems and leaves,among which lactic acid bacteria and glucose have the best effect,however,all the sensory quality cannot reach the first grade due to the biological characteristics of marigold.

Key words: Stem and leaf of marigold, Ensilage, Additive, Nutritional quality, Fermentation quality

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