沿黄淮稻麦轮作区农田土壤磷库现状及减量施磷农学效应初探

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.009

河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 67-73.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.009

沿黄淮稻麦轮作区农田土壤磷库现状及减量施磷农学效应初探

张阳阳¹，张淑利²，谢迎新¹，康国章¹，陈波³，马冬云¹，王晨阳¹，郭天财¹

（1.河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心，河南郑州 450002；2.河南农业大学理学院，河南郑州 450002；3.河南省化工研究所有限责任公司，河南郑州 450052）

收稿日期:2020-08-06 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: 谢迎新（1976-），男，河南西平人，研究员，博士，主要从事作物栽培与农田施肥调控研究。E-mail:xieyingxin@henau.edu.cn
作者简介:张阳阳（1997-），男，河南舞钢人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：作物栽培与耕作学。E-mail:15093302146@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD26B00）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0300707）; 河南省科学院基本科研基金项目（190608027）

Phosphorus Pool and Agronomic Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduction in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field along the Yellow River and Huai River of China

ZHANG Yangyang¹,ZHANG Shuli²,XIE Yingxin¹,KANG Guozhang¹,CHEN Bo³,MA Dongyun¹,WANG Chenyang¹,GUO Tiancai¹

(1.National Engineering Research Center for Wheat,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.College of Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;3.Henan Chemical Industry Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

Received:2020-08-06 Published:2021-03-15 Online:2021-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究河南省沿黄淮稻麦轮作区土壤供磷能力，寻找适宜的减磷措施，以河南原阳、封丘和信阳3个稻麦轮作典型农田土壤为研究对象，在区域采样调查耕层土壤磷库的基础上，开展稻麦季均施磷（WRP,当前常规）、稻季施磷（RP）、麦季施磷（WP）和稻麦季不施磷（NP）4种不同施磷技术的田间试验。结果表明,当前河南水稻土耕层土壤有效磷平均含量达15.10 mg/kg，较我国第二次土壤普查数据和2005—2009年国家测土配方调查数据分别高出9.40 mg/kg和2.37 mg/kg，增幅分别达165.0%和18.6%。3个试验点耕层土壤有效磷含量存在明显差别，具体表现为原阳最高，封丘次之，信阳最低，并且水稻季收获期明显高于小麦季，但水稻季收获期RP、WP和RWP 3个磷肥处理间耕层土壤有效磷含量无明显差异。此外，研究还发现，稻麦周年籽粒产量各施磷处理间差异均未达到显著水平，特别是RWP与WP处理间无论是单季还是稻麦两季均无显著差异。综上所述，当前沿黄淮稻麦轮作典型农田土壤磷素已基本满足作物对磷素营养的需求。因此，麦季施磷稻季不施磷可满足稻麦两季作物产量对磷素营养的需求，不仅能够保持产量稳定，还具有节约磷肥资源、降低磷素污染水体风险的潜力。

关键词: 稻麦轮作农田, 耕层土壤；磷, 产量；减量施磷

Abstract: In order to explore soil phosphorus(P)deliverbility in rice-wheat rotation area along Yellow and Huai Valleys in Henan Province and suitable P reduction regimes, a field fixed experiment was carried out to study effect of P reduction by investigating soil P pool status and analyzing the soil available P and grain yield in three typical soils (Yuanyang,Fengqiu and Xinyang of Henan Province) in rice wheat rotation system along the Yellow River and Huai River of China. The experiment had four fertilization regimes,P fertilization during the rice and wheat season(WRP,current farming practice),Pfertilization only during the wheat season(WP),P fertilization only during the rice season(RP),and no P fertilization during either season (NP ).The results showed that the available P content presently reached 15. 10 mg/ kg in topsoil in Henan Province, which was 9.40 mg/kg (the increase range of 165.0%)and 2.37 mg/kg(the increase range of 18.6%)higher than those of the second soil survey and the national soil testing formula survey,respectively.Moreover,the available P content in topsoil had significant differences among three experimental sites,the highest was in Yuanyang,followed by Fengqiu,and the lowest was in Xinyang. And the available P content in topsoil at rice maturity was significantly higher than that at wheat maturity,but significant differences among RP,WP and WRP treatments at rice maturity were not found. In addition,no significant differences were also found in the annual grain yield of rice and wheat among three P fertilization treatments(WRP,WP and RP),especially between WRP and WP treatments.In a conclusion,based on current status of the soil P in the typical farmland of rice-wheat rotation along the Yellow River and Huai River of China,the soil P content has basically met the needs of crop growth.Therefore,the regime of P fertilizer application only in wheat season(WP)not only ensures adequate soil P supply to maintain grain yield of rice and wheat,but also has the potential to save P resources and reduce the risk of P pollution in water body.

Key words: Rice-wheat rotation field, Topsoil, Phosphorus, Yield, Phosphorus reduction

中图分类号:

张阳阳, 张淑利, 谢迎新, 康国章, 陈波, 马冬云, 王晨阳, 郭天财. 沿黄淮稻麦轮作区农田土壤磷库现状及减量施磷农学效应初探[J]. 河南农业科学, 2021, 50(3): 67-73.

ZHANG Yangyang, ZHANG Shuli, XIE Yingxin, KANG Guozhang, CHEN Bo, MA Dongyun, WANG Chenyang, GUO Tiancai. Phosphorus Pool and Agronomic Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduction in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field along the Yellow River and Huai River of China[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(3): 67-73.

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沿黄淮稻麦轮作区农田土壤磷库现状及减量施磷农学效应初探

Phosphorus Pool and Agronomic Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduction in Rice-Wheat Rotation Field along the Yellow River and Huai River of China

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