Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Reviews

2023, 52(4): 0.

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New Research Progress of bZIP Transcription Factors in Improving Plant Stress Resistance

HAO Hongyan, SANG Huitong, LÜ Shanhua, FAN Yinglun, LI Haiyun

2023, 52(4): 1-8. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.001

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Plants will be hurt when encountering adversity，and genetic engineering technology is a quick and effective way to improve plant stress resistance. As one of the most diverse and relatively conserved gene families in higher plants，basic leucine zipper（bZIP） transcription factors play an important regulatory role in plant resistance to low temperature，drought，salinity，pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses.In this paper，the structure，classification of bZIP transcription factors in plants and the new research progress in improving plant resistance to abiotic（drought，high temperature，low temperature，high salinity，nutrient deficiency，etc.）and biotic stresses were reviewed，so as to provide references for the utilization of bZIP transcription factors and the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance.

Research Progress of Soil Physical Crust Erosion Effect in China

XU Die, WANG Ji, CAI Xiongfei, YU Xinjie, ZHAO Shuai, ZHAO Shijie

2023, 52(4): 9-20. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.002

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Soil physical crust is a common phenomenon that exists on the soil surface after being hit by rainfall.As a special underlying surface，soil physical crust plays an important role in slope soil erosion.This paper systematically analyzes the erosion effect of soil physical crust，and finds that the present situation of soil physical crust erosion effect is as follows：on the one hand，soil physical crust promotes erosion；on the other hand，it inhibits erosion. Based on this，the research history，research status and possible factors affecting soil physical crust erosion effect are summarized and reviewed.By comparing the research conclusions of different scholars，this paper explores the mechanism behind the two different phenomena of promotion and suppression，discusses the possible reasons for the divergence of views，and puts forward the further research direction of soil physical crust erosion effect in the future，so as to provide reference for the study of soil physical crust erosion effect.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Different Wheat Varieties（Lines）and Screening of Representative Evaluation Indexes

CHEN Zedong, SHI Huanting, DONG Dianqi, WANG Yaxin, WANG Jinfeng, YU Bo, WANG Pengfei, KANG Guozhang

2023, 52(4): 21-30. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.003

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Eleven wheat varieties（lines）from the Huang⁃Huai wheat region were treated with normal and phosphorus deficiency in hydroponic and pond soil culture experiments.The low phosphorus tolerance coefficients of 15 indicators（plant height，total root length per plant，biomass and phosphorus concentration in various tissues，etc.）at seedling stage and 9 indicators（plant height，aboveground dry weight，grain yield per plant，etc.）at maturity stage were analyzed. Further，the principal component analysis and membership function method were used to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance of wheat varieties（lines），and cluster analysis was conducted；the gray correlation degree analysis was used to analyze the correlation strength between the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient and the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance for screening representative evaluation indicators for low phosphorus tolerance，so as to provide screening basis and germplasm resources for the study of wheat tolerance to low phosphorus and the breeding of wheat varieties with high phosphorus efficiency.The results showed that there was correlation among the low phosphorus tolerance coefficients of indicators at seedling stage，indicating that there was information overlap in the indicators used to evaluate wheat low phosphorus tolerance.Principal component analysis transformed 15 indicators at seedling stage into 4 independent comprehensive indicators.By calculating the membership function value of the comprehensive indicators，the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphoru tolerance was obtained.The low phosphorus tolerance order of varieties（lines）at seedling stage was Xinmai 67>Aikang 58>Bainong 607>Yunong 908>Jimai 22>Zhoumai 18>Xinhuamai 818>Tianmai 189>Fengdecunmai 5>Annong 188>Annong 203. Similarly，principal component analysis transformed 9 indicators of wheat at maturity stage into 3 independent comprehensive indicators，and obtained the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance at maturity stage.The low phosphorus tolerance order of wheat varieties（lines）at maturity was Xinmai 67>Jimai 22>Annong 203>Xinhuamai 818>Aikang 58>Annong 188>Fengde cunmai 5>Yunong 908>Zhoumai 18>Bainong 607>Tianmai 189.Combined the comprehensive performance of each variety（line）at seedling stage and maturity stage，by cluster analysis，the 11 wheat varieties（lines）were divided into three types：low phosphorus tolerant（Xinmai 67，Jimai 22 and Aikang 58），slightly low phosphorus tolerant（Yunong 908，Xinhuamai 818，Bainong 607 and Zhoumai 18）and low phosphorus sensitive（Fengdecunmai 5，Annong 188，Annong 203 and Tianmai 189）.Through gray correlation analysis，the low phosphorus tolerance coefficient of phosphorus concentration and accumulation in root，total root length per plant at seedling stage，and the phosphorus harvest index，dry weight of straw and dry aboveground weight at maturity stage were closely related to the comprehensive evaluation value of low phosphorus tolerance，indicating that these six indicators could be regarded as the representative evaluation indexes of wheat low phosphorus tolerance.

Analysis of Mechanical Grain Harvest Quality Related Indexes of Maize Parental Inbred Lines and Hybrids

WEI Liangming, CAO Liru, YE Feiyu, ZHANG Qianjin, ZHANG Xin, WANG Zhenhua, PANG Yunyun, MA Chenchen, JIN Songcan, LU Xiaomin

2023, 52(4): 31-41. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.004

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With maize parental inbred lines and hybrid varieties as experimental materials，from 2019 to 2020，the breaking strength，length and thickness of the aboveground 3th，4th and 5th internodes from the last，the moisture content，breakage rate，compressive capacity and dehydration rate of grains at harvest time were analyzed，and the maize materials with strong stem strength and good mechanical grain harvest quality were screened to lay a foundation for the cultivation of new varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest.The results showed that the stem breaking strength of inbred line E8501 and hybrid Zhengdan 6122 was higher，and that of inbred lines Zheng 58，ZC1456 and hybrid Zhengdan 958 was lower.The internodes of inbred line Zheng 682 and hybrid Xianyu 335 were longer，and the internodes of inbred line Zheng 588 and hybrid Zhengdan 1002 were shorter.The internodes of inbred lines Zheng P6，PH6WC and hybrid DK517 were thicker，while the internodes of inbred line Zheng 682 and hybrid Zhengdan 6098 were finer. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parental inbred lines E8501，Zheng 7541，Zheng H71，Zheng V89M，Zheng D58M，HCL1645，PH4CV and their hybrids Zhengdan 6386，Zhengdan6122，DK517，Zhengdan 6095，Zhengdan 6098，Zhengdan 1868 and Zhengdan 1002 had stronger stem strength.The moisture content of hybrid Zhengdan 958 was higher，while Zhengdan 6122 was lower.The breakage rates of inbred line Zheng H71 and hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Zhengdan 1868 were higher，while the breakage rates of inbred line PH4CV and hybrid DK517 were lower. The compressive capacity of inbred line PH4CV and hybrid Zhengdan 6122 was higher，while that of inbred line ZhengH71 and hybrid Zhengdan 958 was lower. When grain was harvested，moisture content≤26.87% could meet the national standard of mechanical grain harvest with breakage rate ≤5%.On the basis of the above 14 maize materials with strong lodging resistance，finally，parental inbred lines E8501，Zheng 7541，Zheng H71，Zheng V89M，Zheng D58M，HCL1645 and PH4CV and hybrids DK517，Zhengdan 6122，Zhengdan 6386 and Zhengdan 6098 were selected as materials with strong lodging resistance and good mechanical grain harvest quality（moisture content≤26.87%，and breakage rate≤5%）.

Effects of Cultivation Patterns on Yield and Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize

WU Si, ZHOU Yingxin, LUO Wei, TAO Mingde, CHEN Pingping, LUO Hongbing, ZHOU Wenxin, YI Zhenxie

2023, 52(4): 42-50. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.005

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Three densities（60 000，75 000，90 000 plants/ha），three nitrogen application levels（150，225，300 kg/ha）and two chemical control treatments（no chemical control，chemical control）were set，and combined into seven cultivation patterns，including T1（high density，high nitrogen and chemical control），T2（high density，medium nitrogen and chemical control），T3（high density，low nitrogen and chemical control），T4（medium density，high nitrogen and chemical control），T5（medium density，medium nitrogen and chemical control），T6（medium density，low nitrogen and chemical control）and CK（low density，high nitrogen and no chemical control）.The effects of different cultivation patterns on the yield and lodging resistance of summer maize varieties Zhengdan 958 and Xiangnongyu 27 were studied，so as to clarify the suitable cultivation pattern for summer maize in Dongting Lake area. The results showed that the yield of Zhengdan 958 was higher than that of Xiangnongyu 27 on the whole，and the yields of the two varieties in 2 a were higher in T1 and T2 patterns，and the difference between the two treatments was not significant.Compared with CK，the plant height and ear height of each pattern significantly decreased，and the stem diameter roughly decreased. There were significant differences in the number of airborne layers among the patterns，the T1 and T2 patterns were more for Zhengdan 958，and the T4 and T5 patterns were more for Xiangnongyu 27.The change rules of stem puncture strength and compressive strength were not obvious，but showed differences between varieties and between years. No plant lodging and folding occurred in 2 a tests.In conclusion，by rational allocation of nitrogen application rate，planting density and chemical control measures，lodging resistance and high yield of summer maize could be achieved.The T2 pattern is the ideal cultivation mode for summer maize in Dongting Lake area under the present experimental conditions.

Construction and Validation of Critical Phosphorus Concentration Dilution Curve Model in Rape

ZENG Lili, JIANG Junsong

2023, 52(4): 51-59. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.006

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The critical phosphorus concentration（P_c）dilution curve model of rape based on aboveground biomass was constructed，and the phosphorus nutrition index（PNI）was determined based on the model，which provided scientific reference for the precise management of phosphorus fertilizer in rape. Using two rapeseed varieties，Zhongshuang 6 and Huayouza 9，field experiments with four different phosphorus doses （0，35，70，105 kg/ha，represented by P0，P35，P70 and P105）were conducted in 2020 and 2021.The shoot biomass（W），plant phosphorus concentration（PPC）and yield were determined during the critical growth period of rapeseed，and the Pc dilution curve model based on W was constructed and validated through statistical analysis and model building techniques.The results showed that W of rapeseed increased with the advance of growth period，and showed the following characteristics among different phosphorus fertilizer treatments：P0<P35<P70≈P105.The PPC decreased with the increase of W.The yield of rapeseed was significantly increased by phosphorus fertilizer application，but there was no significant difference between the two cultivars.The yield of rapeseed increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer，and the highest yield was reached by P70 treatment.The optimal average phosphorus application rate of rapeseed was 81.8 kg/ha，and the theoretical average yield of rapeseed was 3 595.83 kg/ha.A uniform Pc dilution curve model was established for the two rapeseed cultivars（P_c=7.39W-0.16，R²=0.80）.The root mean square error（RMSE）was 0.98 g/kg，the standardized root mean square error（n‑RMSE）was 15.59%，and the model had good stability.The PNI varied from 0.56 to 1.11 under different phosphorus fertilizer treatments.In the same growth stage，PNI increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer amount.By considering rapeseed yield and PNI，the recommended range of phosphorus application was 70.0—81.8 kg/ha.

Effects of Fungal Elicitors on Growth and Secondary Metabolism of Atractylodes macrocephala Suspension Cells

SUN Tianchi, DONG Shihui, YU Jiayan, QIU Fangqiong, QIN Luping, ZHU Bo

2023, 52(4): 60-65. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.007

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This study aimed to explore the effects of different fungal elicitors on growth and secondary metabolism of Atractylodes macrocephala（AM）suspension cells.First，AM seedlings were cultured in a sterile state to induce calluses and prepare suspension cells，and the cell dry mass was recorded.Then，various elicitors were added to the suspension cell culture system，and atractylide Ⅰ，atractylide Ⅲ and atractylone contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）technology.The results showed that MS medium+6⁃BA（6⁃benzylaminopurine）1.0 mg/L+NAA（1⁃naphthaleneacetic acid）0.5 mg/L was the optimal medium for the induction of calluses，while MS medium+6⁃BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L was the optimal medium for the proliferation of suspended cells.The growth of AM suspension cells showed S⁃shaped curve growth characteristics，and the pH of the culture system in the logarithmic growth phase ranged between 4.8 and 5.0.Fungal elicitors significantly promoted the growth and secondary metabolism of AM suspension cells，among which AM478 elicitor and AM393 elicitor showed the best growth promotion activity.In addition，AM569 elicitor was found to significantly promote the accumulation of atractylodes Ⅲ and atractylone of AM suspension cells.In conclusion，AM569 fungal elicitor can be used as an alternative for the biotransformation of AM suspension cells to promote the accumulation of active components of AM.

Effects of Leguminous Green Manure Return and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction on Maize Growth in Yellow Soil

WEI Quanquan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, QIN Song, GOU Jiulan

2023, 52(4): 66-73. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.008

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To explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with the application of green manure on maize yield，nutrient absorption，and utilization in Guizhou yellow soil，a 2⁃year field experiment with different treatments（［no nitrogen fertilizer（0%N），single nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），90% nitrogen fertilizer（90%N），80% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure（80%NM），70% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure（70%NM），60% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure（60%NM）and 50% nitrogen fertilizer+ green manure（50%NM）］）was conducted in Qianxi City，Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2019.The results showed that，compared with 0%N，nitrogen application could significantly increase maize yield，biomass and nutrient accumulation. Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 20% combined with green manure returning to the field could achieve a stable or slightly increased yield.The maize yields of 80%NM treatment in 2018 and 2019 were 10 437 and 10 554 kg/ha，respectively，54 and 55 kg/ha higher than those of 100%N treatment，but the difference was not significant.It could maintain or slightly increase the biomass of maize.The biomasses of maize of 80%NM in 2018 and 2019 were 18 083 and 18 239 kg/ha，respectively，153 and 187 kg/ha higher than those of 100%NM，but the differences were not significant. In 2018 and 2019，the accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium of 80%NM treatment was the highest，with 161.05，37.40，144.54 kg/ha and 165.79，38.58，149.45 kg/ha，respectively.Nitrogen agronomic efficiency（AEN），nitrogen partial productivity（PEPN），and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency（REN）were the highest in 80%NM，50%NM，and 80%NM，respectively both in 2018 and 2019，with 21.18 kg/kg，85.33 kg/kg，50.45% and 24.72 kg/kg，82.89 kg/kg，57.86%，respectively. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by more than 30%，the yield，biomass and nutrient accumulation of maize after returning green manure to the field were lower than that of 100%N，but the yield of maize of 70%NM was equivalent to that of 90%N.Overall，returning green manure to the field can replace 20% chemical nitrogen fertilizer，which could maintain a high yield of maize.On the basis of returning green manure to field，120 kg/ha（80% normal nitrogen fertilizer amount）is recommended as the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application amount for maize season in Guizhou yellow soil.

Soil Physicochemical Properties of Different Yield Fields with Irrigated Lime Concretion Black Soil and Correlation between Them and Crop Yield in South Henan

LI Chengyu, CHENG Sixian, MA Haibin, LIU Weiling, ZHANG Xuelin, LIU Tianxue, LI Chaohai, ZHAO Yali

2023, 52(4): 74-81. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.009

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The physicochemical properties（topsoil depth，plow sole thickness，soil bulk density，organic matter content，available nitrogen content，available phosphorus content，available potassium content）of irrigated high⁃，medium⁃ and low⁃yield lime concretion black soil in southern Henan were analyzed，the correlation between them and crop yield was studied，and the key soil limiting factors affecting crop yield were clarified，to provide a foundation for the establishment of reasonable topsoil construction technology of irrigated lime concretion black soil.The results showed that the topsoil depth of irrigated lime concretion black soil in south Henan was 7.25—20.00 cm，with an average of 13.67 cm；The plow sole thickness was 4.75—19.50 cm，with an average of 10.98 cm；The soil bulk density was 1.16—1.58 g/cm³，and the average soil bulk density was 1.45 g/cm³；The content of soil organic matter was 14.33—23.67 g/kg，and the average content of organic matter was 19.81 g/kg；The content of soil available nitrogen was58.80—98.02 mg/kg，with an average of 76.09 mg/kg；The content of available phosphorus was 7.00—26.28 mg/kg，with an average content of 15.70 mg/kg；The content of soil available potassium was 79.59—171.94 mg/kg，and the average was 124.47 mg/kg.The overall soil nutrient content of different yield fields was high⁃yield field>medium⁃yield field>low⁃yield field. Crop yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density and plow sole thickness，and extremely significantly or significantly positively correlated with topsoil depth，soil organic matter content，soil available phosphorus content and available potassium content. The order of key soil factors limiting crop yield in the irrigated lime concretion black soil in south Henan was topsoil depth>plow sole thickness>soil organic matter content>soil bulk density.

Screening of Trap Plant Intercropping with Strawberry and Its Trapping Effect on Frankliniella occidentalis

SONG Penghui, JIAO Kuibao, LI Yuze, YANG Ruihua, ZHANG Lei, DUAN Yadong, ZHANG Kun, WU Xinjuan, ZHOU Shuang, WANG Mingjie

2023, 52(4): 82-89. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.010

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In order to explore the trapping effect of trap plants on Frankliniella occidentalis on protected cultivated strawberries，the Y⁃shaped olfactometer was used to measure the trapping effect of 7 plants（jasmine，gardenia，verbena，night sky petunias，snap bean，red rose and eggplant） on Frankliniella occidentalis.The trapping effects of different planting orientations（east，west，south，north and centre）planting modes（spot and sheet planting），and planting densities（ratios of 1∶4，1∶7 and 1∶11 to strawberry seedlings，respectively）of trap plant on Frankliniella occidentalis were studied in the field.The results showed that the preference order of Frankliniella occidentalis for 7 types of trap plants was jasmine>gardenia>verbena>night sky petunias>snap bean>red rose>eggplant.The selective experiment results of Frankliniella occidentalis between different plants and strawberry showed that jasmine was the most attractive plant for Frankliniella occidentalis，and it was the most suitable for conducting subsequent field trapping effect experiments intercropping with strawberry.In the field experiment，the jasmine planted in the south direction was the earliest to attract Frankliniella occidentalis，and the trap number was the highest throughout the entire investigation period；The number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine planted in four directions of east，west，south，and north first increased and then slightly decreased；The number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine planted in the centre direction continued to increase，but was less than the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped in the south direction.During the entire survey period，the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine in the spot planting area was significantly higher than that in the sheet planting area；On April 15，jasmine in the spot planting area first trapped Frankliniella occidentalis；On May 15，the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine in both point and sheet planting areas reached the highest.The number of Frankliniella occidentalis on strawberry intercropping with jasmine was significantly lower than that of strawberry monoculture（CK），and the best trapping effect was achieved when the intercropping ratio of jasmine to strawberry was 1∶7；On May 25，June 5 and June 15，the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped under this proportion treatment decreased by 343 individuals per plant，295 individuals per plant and 300 individuals per plant，respectively，compared with CK.

Composition and Temporal Niches of Insect Communities in Yunnan Mulberry Field

LI Yonghui, ZHANG Qigang, LEI Ting, YAN Naisheng, LIU Qing, TANG Guowen

2023, 52(4): 90-98. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.011

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In order to clarify the characteristics of insect community structure in Yunnan mulberry field，the insects were collected by sweeping，trapping and visual counting methods from tree canopy to ground of mulberry from March to November in 2021. All insect samples were classified，counted and analyzed.The results showed that the insects belonged to 8 orders，36 families，and 83 species，including 63 species，29 families and 5 orders of pests and 20 species，7 families and 5 orders of natural enemy insects.The top three of pest species quantity belonged to Coleoptera，Hemiptera and Lepidoptera，accounting for 44.44%，34.92% and 14.29% of the total species，the main groups included Thripidae，Pyralidae，Cicadellidae.Pseudodendrothrips mori，Diaphania pyloalis and Nysius ericae were the dominant species，and the blooming period was from July to September. Among the natural enemy insects，Coleoptera was the dominant group，accounting for 80.00% of the total species，the dominant natural enemy insects were Harmonia axyridi，Chrysopa pallens and Aiolocaria hexaspilota，and the peak of natural enemy insects quantity occurred in June and September.Temporal niche analysis showed that the niche overlap index of Harmonia axyridis with Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis was the highest，and that of Chrysopa pallens and Pseudodendrothrips mori was the highest，which were 0.891 2，0.842 3 and 0.942 7，respectively.Diversity analysis showed that Margalef index peaked in July，Simpson diversity index and Shannon⁃Wiener diversity index both peaked in June，Pielou index peaked in March.To summarize，there were much more pests than natural enemy insects in Yunnan mulberry field，and the species diversity increased significantly in summer.The temporal niches of the main pests and natural enemy insects matched well.Harmonia axyridis was the main natural enemy insects of Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis，and Chrysopa pallens was the dominant natural enemy insects of Pseudodendrothrips mori.Attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of these natural enemies.

Application and Safety of Novel Soil⁃applied Herbicide Pyroxasulfone in Peanut and Sunflower Fields

WU Xibao, XU Hongle, HU Zunji, SONG Huawen, ZHUANG Zhiguo, TANG Guangxin, XU Nana, KONG Yue, LIANG Lin, ZHUANG Zhanxing

2023, 52(4): 99-106. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.012

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To clarify the control effect of new soil blocking herbicide pyroxasulfone on main weeds in peanut and sunflower fields，and the safety to the two crops，four dosage treatments of pyroxasulfone，contrast herbicide，manual weeding and blank control treatments were set，and field efficacy test was carried out by randomized block. The results showed that pyroxasulfone had a good control effect on annual weeds in peanut and sunflower fields in the dosage range of 120—180 g/ha.When soil spray was applied evenly to peanut and sunflower after sowing and before seedling emergence，the total plant control efficiency and total fresh weight control efficiency could reach more than 90% at 45 days after treatment.It could effectively control the damage of weeds，and was safer to two kinds of crops，so the effect of increasing production was obvious compared with blank control.It could be used as a candidate herbicide
for peanut and sunflower fields.

Branching Evaluation of 28 Dry Cucumber Germplasm Resources and Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of Their Hybrid Progenies

LI Yishen, SONG Xiaofei, YANG Yanhong, SUI Jichao, CUI Haonan, JIA Jianhua, YAN Liying, LI Xiaoli

2023, 52(4): 107-115. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.013

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In order to screen multi⁃branch dry cucumber germplasm resources with good comprehensive performance and breed dry cucumber varieties suitable for labor⁃saving cultivation，28 dry cucumber germplasm resources and 15 cross combinations were used as test materials，the branching status of cucumber germplasm resources and the relationship between yield and main agronomic traits of hybrid progenies were analyzed.The results showed that the branching performance of germplasm resources varied with the seasons.The average node of the first branch in spring was 5.2 nodes，which was slightly higher than that in autumn，the branching rate and effective branching rate in spring were 8.6% and 80.7%，respectively，which were lower than those in autumn，and the variation was larger，suitable for the evaluation and screening of branching. Eight excellent resources（17s⁃208，17s⁃209，21A107 and 21A118，followed by 17s⁃200，17s⁃205，21A115 and 21A116）were selected to perform hybridization groups. By using hybridization combinations for gray correlation analysis，correlation analysis and path analysis，the results showed that the yield of lateral vine，the length of internode，the diameter of stem and the branching rate were the main factors affecting the total yield of dryland cucumber hybrid combinations，and the correlation degrees with the total yield were 0.953 9，0.921 5，0.899 9 and 0.823 3，respectively，and the correlation coefficients were 0. 96^**，0. 56^**，0.13 and 0.17 respectively. The direct path coefficient of lateral vine yield was 1.017 7. The direct path coefficients of internode length，stem diameter and branching rate were all 0，the indirect path coefficients were 0.436 4，0.152 0 and 0.414 1 respectively.Therefore，the selection of lateral vine yield，internode length，stem diameter and branching rate can be strengthened in the screening of branching germplasm resources and in the selection of crossbreeding groups and varieties.

Effects of Different Light Renewable Substrates on the Growth of Potted Chrysanthemum

YUE Liran, LIU Mingyu, CHEN Shengyan, LIU Shuguang, CHEN Bin, BO Shan, XU Shoubin, ZHOU Yunwei

2023, 52(4): 116-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.014

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Potted chrysanthemum Tangguofen was used as the plant material，leaf mould and coconut bran were used as substrate materials，and peat was replaced by different volume ratios to prepare composite substrate.The experiment included seven treatments，T1［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=6∶2∶1∶1］，T2［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=2∶1∶1∶1］，T3［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=2∶2∶3∶3］，T4［V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=1∶2∶2］，T5［V（leaf mould）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］，T6［V（coconut bran）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］，and CK［V（peat）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］.By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of each substrate and the morphological and physiological indexes of chrysanthemum，the substrate formula suitable for the growth of chrysanthemum was selected.The results indicated that adding agricultural and forestry wastes could reduce the bulk density and available N content of substrate，and increase total porosity，pH，EC，available P and available K content.The survival rate of potted chrysanthemum was over 83.33% except for T6 treatment.Before planting for 120 d，the plant height and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T5 treatment were higher than CK.But after 120 d of colonization，the plant height，stem diameter and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T1—T6 treatment groups were lower than CK，the plant height of T5 treatment was the closest to CK，and the stem diameter and crown width of T1 treatment were the closest to CK. Potted chrysanthemum entered the full blooming duration 6.33，19.00，18.00 d earlier than CK in T1，T2 and T5 treatments，respectively，and the full blooming period was prolonged by 21.67，17.33，11.33 d，which improved the ornamental value，and in T1 and T5 treatments，the root⁃shoot ratio and healthy index were close to or higher than CK.The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth effect of chrysanthemum under different substrates，T1 treatment had the highest comprehensive evaluation coefficient and was most suitable for potted chrysanthemum growth，T5 and T2 treatments were slightly lower than CK but close to CK，and could also be used as ideal cultivation substrates.

Transcriptome Analysis of Long Non⁃coding RNA and mRNA Profiles in PRRSV⁃infected Marc⁃145 Cells

ZHANG Xiaoxia, YANG Yanqing, WANG Qiuyun, DU Junyang, CAO Hanwen, LIANG Zhenpu

2023, 52(4): 127-136. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.015

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In order to dig the changes of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in host cells after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus（PRRSV） infection of Marc⁃145 cells，the lncRNA and mRNA of Marc⁃145 infected with PRRSV were sequenced and analyzed by transcriptome. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 39 differentially expressed lncRNAs（DElncRNAs） and 1 320 differentially expressed mRNAs（DEGs）were obtained in Marc⁃145 cells after PRRSV infection.Further enrichment analysis results showed that these DElncRNAs and DEGs were mainly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathway.Integration analysis of DElncRNAs and DEGs showed that lncRNA co⁃expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway，insulin signaling pathway，neurotrophin signaling pathway，AMPK signaling pathway，HIF⁃1 signaling pathway，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and carbon metabolism，which were mainly related to immunity.In conclusion，RRSV infection causes changes in the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of Marc⁃145 cells.By bioinformatics analysis，it is speculated that the differential expression products may play an important role in the host’s innate immune response to PRRSV infection.

Analysis of Semen Quality and Fertilization Ability of Different Breeds of Boars

YANG Suozhou, WANG Wenwen, WANG Dan, NING Chao, WANG Yang, LI Qian, DONG Licai, GONG Weilong, LI Xin, TANG Hui

2023, 52(4): 137-142. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.016

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To analyze the differences in semen quality and fertilization ability of different breeds of boars，various indicators of semen quality and fertilization ability were measured for Yimeng black pigs，Jiangquan black pigs，and Duroc pigs aged 12 to 36 months at a pig farm in Linyi.We used one⁃way ANOVA and multiple comparison methods to compare the differences in various indicators among different breeds.The breed effect was corrected and the correlation coefficients between various indicators were calculated.The results showed no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Yimeng black pigs in terms of ejaculate volume，sperm density，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，but both were significantly higher than Duroc. There was no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Duroc regarding sperm motility，but both were significantly higher than Yimeng black pigs. There was no significant difference in the total effective sperm count per unit volume after dilution and fertilization rate among the three breeds of boars. Jiangquan black pigs exhibited heterosis in terms of ejaculate volume，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，with a heterosis rate of 3.8%—5.5%.The correlation analysis showed that the total effective sperm count of the raw semen was significantly positively correlated with the dilution ratio（r=0.99，P<0.01），and the ejaculate volume was significantly positively correlated with the total effective sperm count and dilution ratio of the raw semen（r=0.92，P<0.01）.The ejaculate volume was moderately negatively genetically correlated with sperm density，diluted sperm density，straight⁃line movement sperm count，and total effective sperm count of the raw semen（r=-0.37—-0.21）.However，it did not significantly affect the final fertilization rate（r=-0.06）.Except the moderate positive correlation between the sperm density of the raw semen and fertilization rate（r=0.28，P<0.01），the pre⁃diluted and post⁃diluted semen quality indicators were weakly correlated with the fertilization rate.In conclusion，semen dilution is beneficial to ensure successful artificial insemination. Jiangquan black pigs exhibit a certain degree of heterosis regarding ejaculate volume and total effective sperm count and are superior to their paternal breed Duroc.

Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model

WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang

2023, 52(4): 143-151. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017

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In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training.

Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network

CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi

2023, 52(4): 152-161. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018

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Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved.

Extraction and Quality Analysis of Coix Seed Oil

CHEN Chao, LÜ Du, TANG Jianbo, HUANG Shan, LI Ying

2023, 52(4): 162-169. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.019

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In order to obtain high⁃quality coix seed oil and improve the extraction rate of coix seed oil，different organic solvents were selected to extract coix seed oil by using the soxhlet reflux extraction method.The quality of coix seed oil was analyzed from its sensory characteristics，physical and chemical index，fatty acid type and content，and active material content.The results showed that the extraction capacity of the organic solvent was petroleum ether>cyclohexane>methanol>anhydrous ethanol.Coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether and cyclohexane had good fluidity and was easier to collect.The acid value of cyclohexane extracted coix seed oil was 3.66 mg/g，peroxide value was 0.014 g/100g，iodine value was 72.30 g/100g，saponification value was 126 mg/g，refractive index was 1.449，which were lower than coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether. Their fatty acid compositions were mainly oleic acid，linoleic acid，palmic acid and stearic acid.Based on the extraction rate and quality index of coix seed oil，the best extraction organic solvent of coix seed oil is cyclohexane，with high extraction rate，and good quality of coix seed oil .

Quality Changes of Mudanjiang Tobacco Strips during Natural Aging in Warehouse of Henan Province

ZHANG Xiaoli, YUAN Ye, WEI Huiqin, YANG Xinyu, LIU Yufeng, LIU Xin, GUAN Xining, SHEN Hongtao, DUAN Weidong, WANG Yanfang, LIU Ling

2023, 52(4): 170-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.020

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To explore quality changes of redried tobacco strips from Mudanjiang tobacco growing area in warehouse of Henan Province during natural aging，and to provide theoretical basis for the rational use of Mudanjiang tobacco strips by tobacco industry company of Henan Province，we stored the Mudanjiang tobacco strips of Longjiang 911 variety in Xinzheng warehouse of Henan Province，investigated the changes of appearance，sensory quality and main chemical components of tobacco strips，and analyzed the correlation between main chemical components and sensory quality during natural aging.The results showed that the appearance quality of tobacco strips was the best at the age of 24 months，and the sensory quality was the best at the age of 27 months. The contents of total nitrogen，total plant alkaloid，total sugar，reducing sugar，total polyphenols and total amino acids in tobacco strips decreased，while the content of total organic acids enhanced with the increasing of aging time. Compared with 9 months of aging，after 30 months of aging，total nitrogen and total plant alkaloid contents of tobacco strips decreased by 15.23% and 1.49% respectively，total sugar and reducing sugar contents decreased by 3.48% and 7.02% respectively，the contents of total polyphenols and total amino acids decreased by 9.41% and 10.30% respectively，and the total amount of organic acids increased by 15.70%.The correlation analysis showed that both aroma quality and offensive odor were significantly negatively correlated with the content of total nitrogen and significantly positively correlated with the content of total organic acids.The amount of aroma was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the content of total nitrogen and reducing sugar. The total sensory score was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the contents of total nitrogen，total sugar，reducing sugar and polyphenols，and significantly positively correlated with total amount of organic acids.In general，naturally aging for 27 months，Mudanjiang tobacco strips achieve the best sensory evaluation quality and internal chemical composition coordination in Xinzheng warehouse of Henan Province，and at this time，tobacco industry companies can use Mudanjiang tobacco strips，which can not only ensure cigarette quality but also save warehouse maintenance costs.

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