大白菜主要表型性状的配合力评价及遗传力分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究大白菜主要表型性状的遗传规律，为大白菜育种提供理论依据，以8个不同来源的大白菜纯合自交不亲和系为亲本材料，按完全双列杂交Ⅱ设计自交8个亲本和配制28个杂交组合，对株高、株幅、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、叶片总数、球形指数、单球毛质量、单球净质量、中心柱长和软叶率11个主要表型性状进行了基因型方差分析、配合力评价及遗传力分析。结果表明：8个大白菜骨干自交系除了球形指数的特殊配合力达到显著水平外，其余的表型性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到极显著水平；亲本P1（1305）、P2（陕5555）、P3（J白花）、P4（Q叠）的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、软叶率的一般配合力均表现出明显的正向效应，是选育丰产性品种的优良亲本；亲本P6（C皇）、P7（H娃）的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、中心柱长、叶柄宽均表现为较明显的负向效应，而球形指数、叶片总数则表现为较大的正向效应，是选育早熟、小高桩型、叶片多、耐抽薹品种的优良亲本。杂交组合P1×P8 （1305×G丽）、P4×P6 （Q叠×C皇）、P4×P7（Q叠×H娃）属于综合性状优良的组合，无论在株型、叶片还是丰产上都表现出较高水平。可利用P1（1305）和P4（Q叠）改良株高、株幅、单球产量；可利用P7（H娃）增加叶片总数，降低中心柱长；可利用P8（G丽）改良球形，降低中心柱长。

关键词: 大白菜, 表型性状, 遗传力, 一般配合力, 特殊配合力, 狭义遗传力

吴涛，董彦琪，肖艳，王晓玲，原连庄，原让花，孙玉镯，周俊国. 大白菜主要表型性状的配合力评价及遗传力分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2018, 47(12): 102-109.

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