河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 44-55.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同密度下玉米茎秆抗倒伏相关性状的产量构成分析

鲁晓民,郭书磊,张新,魏良明,张前进,曹丽茹,刘海静,邓亚洲,张震,王振华   

  1. (河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米生物学重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-02 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 王振华(1963-),男,河南许昌人,研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究。E-mail:wzh201@126.com。张新同为通信作者
  • 作者简介:鲁晓民(1980-),男,河南许昌人,副研究员,博士,主要从事玉米遗传育种研究。E-mail:luxiaomin2004@163.com。郭书磊为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:
    河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-02-G1);河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2023ZC017);河南省重大科技专项(201300111100);河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所自主创新专项资金项目

Analysis of Yield Composition of Stem Lodging Resistance Related Traits of Maize under Different Densities

LU Xiaomin,GUO Shulei,ZHANG Xin,WEI Liangming,ZHANG Qianjin,CAO Liru,LIU Haijing,DENG Yazhou,ZHANG Zhen,WANG Zhenhua   

  1. (Institute of Cereal Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Provincial Key Lab of Maize Biology,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2023-03-02 Published:2023-09-15 Online:2023-10-10

摘要: 研究不同密度( 52 500、67 500 、82 500、97 500、112 500株/hm2)下6个玉米品种茎秆抗倒伏相关性状的产量构成,明确不同茎秆性状对产量的贡献率,剖析耐密品种的茎秆结构特性,以期为玉米茎秆抗倒伏特性改良进而提高种植密度提供理论依据。结果表明,随着密度增加,不同玉米品种产量均先增加后降低,地上第3节和第4节穿刺强度、节间粗及株高均降低,穗位系数、地上第3节间和第4节间长粗比均增加,穗位高、穗下节间数、穗下节间长无一致性的变化规律。与52 500 株/hm2相比,67 500、82 500、97 500、112 500 株/hm2下株高降低1.41%~5.65%,穗位系数增加2.07%~8.63%,地上第3、4节平均穿刺强度降低4.25%~15.88%,地上第3、4节平均节间粗减少5.87%~14.27%,地上第3、4节平均节间长粗比增加7.73%~30.51%。相关性分析结果表明,地上第3节和第4节穿刺强度、地上第3节间和第4节间长粗比、穗位高、地上第4节间长、密度与产量呈极显著相关。通过不同密度条件下的产量变化建立不同玉米品种的产量曲线模型,筛选出高产品种秋乐368,鉴定出了每个品种的最适密度,仅有秋乐368既耐密又高产。不同密度条件下,茎秆抗倒伏相关性状的产量构成分析结果表明,地上第3、4节穿刺强度和节间长粗比是影响产量的较重要性状;地上第3节茎秆对密度因素的敏感性弱于地上第4节;在高密度条件下,第4节茎秆质量好坏对产量有更重要的影响。

关键词: 玉米, 密度, 产量构成, 模型, 茎秆性状, 抗倒伏

Abstract: The yield composition of stem lodging resistance related traits of six maize varieties under different densities(52 500,67 500,82 500,97 500,112 500 plants/ha)was studied,the contribution rates of different stalk traits to yield were determined,and the stem structure characteristics of density‑tolerant varieties were analyzed,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving stem lodging resistance characteristics of maize and thus increasing planting density.The results showed that with the increase of density,the yield of different maize varieties increased first and then decreased,the puncture resistance,diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes and plant height all decreased,and ear position coefficient and the length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes all increased,but there was no consistent change pattern in ear position height,number of internodes under the ear and length of internodes under the ear. Compared with 52 500 plants/ha,the plant height under 67 500,82500,97 500 and 112 500 plants/ha decreased by 1.41%—5.65%,ear position coefficient increased by 2.07%—8.63%,average puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by4.25%—15.88%,average internode diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by5.87%—14.27%,and average length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes increased by 7.73%—30.51%.The results of correlation analysis showed that the puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes,length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes,ear height,length of the aboveground 4th internode and density were significantly correlated with yield.The yield curve models of different maize varieties were established through the yield changes under different density conditions,the high‑yielding variety Qiule 368 was selected,and the optimal density of each variety was identified.Only Qiule 368 was both density tolerant and high‑yielding.The results of yield composition analysis of stem lodging resistance traits under different density conditions showed that the puncture resistance and the length‑diameter ratio of 3rd and 4th internodes were more important traits affecting yield;The sensitivity of the aboveground 3rd internode to density factors was weaker than the aboveground 4th internode;Under the condition of high density,the quality of the aboveground 4th internode had more important influence on yield.

Key words: Maize, Density, Yield composition, Model, Stem traits, Lodging resistance

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