河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 61-73.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.008

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同移栽期下气象因子与三门峡烤烟上部叶产量和品质的关系分析

苏永士1,蒋伟峰2,3,杨洋2,常剑波4,王静2,李致新4,徐敏1,关卫东4,张小全2,符云鹏2
  

  1. (1.河南省烟草公司,河南 郑州 450008;2.河南农业大学烟草学院,烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450002;3.玉溪市烟草公司华宁县分公司,云南 华宁 652800;4.河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司,河南 三门峡 472000)
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-11 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-06-08
  • 通讯作者: 符云鹏(1964-),女,河南内乡人,教授,博士,主要从事烟草栽培生理研究。E-mail:yunpengfu@henau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:苏永士(1965-),男,河南三门峡人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟草生产与管理工作。E-mail:suyongshi@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草公司科技项目(2020410000270020);济源市烟草公司科技项目(2020410881240045)

Relationship between Meteorological Factors and Yield and Quality of Flue‐cured Tobacco Upper Leaves under Different Transplanting Date in Sanmenxia

SU Yongshi1,JIANG Weifeng2,3,YANG Yang2,CHANG Jianbo4,WANG Jing2,LI Zhixin4,XU Min1,GUAN Weidong4,ZHANG Xiaoquan2,FU Yunpeng2   

  1. (1.Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450008,China;2.Key Laboratory of Tobacco Cultivation of China Tobacco Industry,College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;3.Huaning Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company,Huaning 652800,China;4.Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Tobacco Corporation,Sanmenxia472000,China)
  • Received:2022-10-11 Published:2023-05-15 Online:2023-06-08

摘要: 为明确气象因子对三门峡烤烟上部叶产量和品质的影响,确立优质上部叶形成的关键气象指标,为合理调节烤烟移栽期提供理论依据,以烤烟主栽品种云烟87为材料,于2020—2021年在灵宝进行大田试验,研究不同移栽期烤烟上部叶发育期间气象因子、产量及品质,解析气象因子与产量和品质的关系。结果表明,三门峡上部叶各生育阶段气象因子随移栽期推迟均发生明显的改变,以成熟期气象因子变幅最大。随移栽期推迟,上部叶产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价呈先增后减的趋势;还原糖含量、糖碱比先升后降,烟碱含量逐渐降低;烟叶香气质、香气量及感官质量总分呈先升高后降低的趋势;5月7日移栽处理烤烟上部叶经济性状和品质最佳。相关分析表明,上部叶各经济指标、还原糖含量、烟碱含量、糖碱比、香气质、香气量及感官质量总分均与其成熟期日均温呈显著或极显著正相关。各气象因子与上部叶香气质、香气量及感官质量总分关联度大小顺序依次为温度、日照时数、降雨量,其中以成熟期日均温关联度最大;当成熟期日均温在20.20~25.16 ℃时,上部叶香气质、香气量及整体感官质量较佳。

关键词: Upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco, Meteorological factors, Yield, Quality, Grey correlation analysis, Sanmenxia

Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco in Sanmenxia,and to establish key meteorological indicators for the formation of high quality upper leaf,the main flue‐cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 was used as the material for field  experiments in Lingbao from 2020 to 2021.The changes of meteorological factors,yield and quality of upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco were studied,and the relationship between meteorological factors during upper leaves growth and yield and quality was analyzed.The results showed that the meteorological factors at each growth stage of the upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco changed with the delay of transplanting date,especially at the mature stage.With the delay of transplanting date,the yield,output value,proportion of superior tobacco,average price of upper leaves,reducing sugar,the ratio of sugar to nicotine,aroma quality,aroma quantity and the total score of sensory quality increased first and then decreased,while nicotine gradually decreased.The economic characters and quality of the upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco were the best after transplanted on May 7.The correlation analysis showed that the economic indexes,reducing sugar content,nicotine content,the ratio of sugar to nicotine,aroma quality,aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of upper leaves were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature at maturity stage.The correlation degree order of each meteorological factor with aroma quality,aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of the upper leaves was temperature,sunshine hours and rainfall,especially the correlation degree of average daily temperature at mature stage was the highest.When the average daily temperature of the mature stage was 20.20—25.16℃,aroma quality,aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of the upper leaves were better.