河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 90-98.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.011

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南桑园昆虫群落组成及时间生态位分析

李勇辉1,2,张其钢3,雷婷1,严乃胜1,柳青2,唐国文1   

  1. (1.云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南 昆明 650201;2.保山学院资源环境学院/云南省高校滇西昆虫资源保护与利用重点实验室,云南 保山 678000;3.陆良县种子管理站,云南 陆良 655011)
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-02 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 唐国文(1972-),女,湖北钟祥人,副教授,博士,主要从事害虫综合治理研究。E-mail:guowen03@163.com
  • 作者简介:李勇辉(1999-),男,云南楚雄人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:害虫综合防治。E-mail:liyonghui0705@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省重大科技专项(202102AA310055);云南省“高层次人才培养支持计划”青年拔尖人才专项(YNWRQNBJ2020101)

Composition and Temporal Niches of Insect Communities in Yunnan Mulberry Field

LI Yonghui1,2,ZHANG Qigang3,LEI Ting1,YAN Naisheng1,LIU Qing2,TANG Guowen1   

  1. (1.College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University/National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan,Kunming 650201,China;2.School of Resources and Environment,Baoshan University/Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Insect Resources in Western Yunnan,Baoshan 678000,China;3.Luliang County Seed Management Station,Luliang 655011,China)
  • Received:2022-09-02 Published:2023-04-15 Online:2023-05-15

摘要: 为明确云南桑园昆虫群落组成及时间生态位,采用扫网法、诱集法和目测计数法,于2021年3—11月系统调查桑树树冠至地面的害虫和天敌昆虫种类及数量,并进行鉴定、计数和统计分析。结果显示,在云南桑园中收集的昆虫隶属8 目36 科83 种,其中害虫有5 目29 科63 种,天敌昆虫有5 目7 科20种。害虫中物种数排在前3 位的是鞘翅目、半翅目和鳞翅目,占物种总数的44.44%、34.92% 和14.29%,主要类群包括蓟马科、螟蛾科、叶蝉科等,其中桑蓟马(Pseudodendrothrips mori)、桑螟(Diaphania pyloalis)和小长蝽(Nysius ericae)为优势种,盛发期为7—9月。天敌昆虫中以鞘翅目为优势类群,占物种总数的80.00%,优势种为异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)、大草蛉(Chrysopa pallens)和六斑异瓢虫(Aiolocaria hexaspilota),高峰期在6月和9月。时间生态位分析表明,异色瓢虫同小长蝽、桑螟,大草蛉同桑蓟马的时间生态位重叠指数最大,分别为0.891 2、0.842 3和0.942 7。多样性分析表明,群落丰富度指数的峰值出现在7月,Simpson 多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数均在6月出现峰值,Pielou均匀度指数在3月出现峰值。在云南桑园中,害虫种类比天敌昆虫种类多,夏季桑园物种数明显增加,主要害虫和天敌昆虫的时间生态位拟合度较高,异色瓢虫是控制小长蝽、桑螟的优势天敌昆虫,大草蛉是控制桑蓟马的主要天敌昆虫,应加强对这些天敌的保护和利用。

关键词: 桑园, 昆虫, 群落组成, 优势类群, 时间生态位, 生物多样性

Abstract: In order to clarify the characteristics of insect community structure in Yunnan mulberry field,the insects were collected by sweeping,trapping and visual counting methods from tree canopy to ground of mulberry from March to November in 2021. All insect samples were classified,counted and analyzed.The results showed that the insects belonged to 8 orders,36 families,and 83 species,including 63 species,29 families and 5 orders of pests and 20 species,7 families and 5 orders of natural enemy insects.The top three of pest species quantity belonged to Coleoptera,Hemiptera and Lepidoptera,accounting for 44.44%,34.92% and 14.29% of the total species,the main groups included Thripidae,Pyralidae,Cicadellidae.Pseudodendrothrips moriDiaphania pyloalis and Nysius ericae were the dominant species,and the blooming period was from July to September. Among the natural enemy insects,Coleoptera was the dominant group,accounting for 80.00% of the total species,the dominant natural enemy insects were Harmonia axyridiChrysopa pallens and Aiolocaria hexaspilota,and the peak of natural enemy insects quantity occurred in June and September.Temporal niche analysis showed that the niche overlap index of Harmonia axyridis with Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis was the highest,and that of Chrysopa pallens and Pseudodendrothrips mori was the highest,which were 0.891 2,0.842 3 and 0.942 7,respectively.Diversity analysis showed that Margalef index peaked in July,Simpson diversity index and Shannon⁃Wiener diversity index both peaked in June,Pielou index peaked in March.To summarize,there were much more pests than natural enemy insects in Yunnan mulberry field,and the species diversity increased significantly in summer.The temporal niches of the main pests and natural enemy insects matched well.Harmonia axyridis was the main natural enemy insects of Nysius ericae and Diaphania pyloalis,and Chrysopa pallens was the dominant natural enemy insects of Pseudodendrothrips mori.Attention should be paid to the protection and utilization of these natural enemies.

Key words: Mulberry field, Insect, Community composition, Main groups, Temporal niche, Biodiversity

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