黑土区坡耕地土壤水分时空分布特征及对降雨的响应

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示坡耕地不同土层、不同点位的土壤水分时空分布特征及其对大气降雨的响应，以典型黑土区坡耕地为研究对象，利用原位监测法，获取玉米生长期内坡上、西线坡中及坡下、东线坡中及坡下5个点位0~100 cm土壤含水量与大气降水数据，探究降雨后田块尺度内不同坡位的降雨响应特征。结果表明，坡耕地土壤水分分布不均。水平分布上，西线坡下位剖面平均土壤含水量最高（34.63%），而坡上位最低（30.00%），且坡上位剖面平均土壤水分变异系数最大（20.38%）；垂直分布上，随土层加深土壤含水量上升，变异系数降低。受季节性干旱与玉米生长影响，监测期内田间土壤蓄水量呈下降趋势，不同点位之间、干旱前期与后期土壤蓄水量响应特征存在差异，干旱后期土壤蓄水量对降雨响应更强烈。10 cm土层土壤含水量变化趋势与降雨量一致，响应时间最早，随着土层加深，响应时间出现滞后。土壤水分对降雨的响应受优势流影响，即土壤侧向流动补给以及玉米根系形成的大孔隙迅速下渗。不同点位土壤水分对降雨响应存在差异，坡上位由于处于坡顶且坡度大，对降雨响应不显著；西线坡中位由于降雨侵蚀引起土壤物理性质改变，对降雨响应强烈；坡下位受坡上水分补给影响，水分消退速度较慢。

关键词: 黑土区, 坡耕地, 土壤蓄水量, 降雨响应, 优势流

Abstract: In order to reveal the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in different soil layers and different point positions of sloping farmland and its response to atmospheric rainfall，the sloping farmland in typical black soil area was taken as the research object，the 0—100 cm soil moisture content and atmospheric precipitation data of five slope positions including upper slope，middle section and lower section of western slope，middle section and lower section of eastern slope were obtained by in‑situ monitoring method during the growing period of maize. And the rainfall response characteristics of different slope positions in the field scale after rainfall were exploded.The results showed that soil moisture distribution in sloping farmland was uneven. In terms of horizontal distribution，the average soil moisture content in the lower section of the western slope was the highest（34.63%），while the average soil moisture content in the upper slope was the lowest（30.00%），and the average soil moisture variation coefficient in the upper section was the largest（20.38%）；In the vertical distribution，soil moisture content increased with the deepening of soil layer，and the coefficient of variation decreased.Influenced by seasonal drought and maize growth，soil water storage in the field showed a downward trend during the monitoring period，and there were differences in the response characteristics of soil water storage between different point positions and between the early and late drought periods.Soil water storage in the late drought period was more strongly responsive to rainfall.The variation trend of soil moisture content in the 10 cm soil layer was consistent with the rainfall，and the response time was the earliest，but with the deepening of soil layer，the response time lagged. The response of soil moisture to rainfall was affected by preferential flow，including lateral flow recharge of soil and rapid infiltration of large pores formed by maize roots. There were differences in the response of soil moisture to rainfall among different point positions. Because the upper slope was at the top of the slope and the slope was large，the response to rainfall was not significant. The median section of the western slope was strongly responsive to rainfall due to the change of soil physical properties caused by rainfall erosion.The lower part of the slope was affected by the water supply from the upper slope，and the water subsided slowly.

Key words: Black soil area, Slope farmland, Soil water storage, Precipitation response, Preferential flow

中图分类号:

S152.7

侯淑涛, 王烁, 王轶昂, 刘焕军, 孟令华, 宋梦宁, 侯永华. 黑土区坡耕地土壤水分时空分布特征及对降雨的响应[J]. 河南农业科学, 2023, 52(1): 61-72.

HOU Shutao, WANG Shuo, WANG Yiang, LIU Huanjun, MENG Linghua, SONG Mengning, HOU Yonghua. Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Moisture and Its Response to Rainfall in Sloping Farmland in Black Soil Area[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(1): 61-72.

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