河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 109-118.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.013

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同典型栽培模式下空心菜对砷和矿质元素的富集特征差异研究

吴志超1,2,杨秀丽1,2,李富荣1,徐守俊1,2,石含之1,2,杜瑞英1,王旭1   

  1. (1.广东省农业科学院 农业质量标准与监测技术研究所,广东 广州 510640;2.华中农业大学 资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070)
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-13 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 王旭(1981-),女,山东金乡人,研究员,博士,主要从事农产品质量安全研究。E-mail:wangxuguangzhou@126.com
  • 作者简介:吴志超(1986-),男,湖北武穴人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事产地环境监测与安全利用研究。E-mail:wuzc2014@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1605600);广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010527,2020A1515010819);广州市基础研究计划基础与应用基础研究项目(202102080370)

Differences of Enrichment Characteristics of Arsenic and Mineral Elements in Swamp Cabbage Varieties under Different Typical Cultivation Modes

WU Zhichao1,2,YANG Xiuli1,2,LI Furong1,XU Shoujun1,2,SHI Hanzhi1,2,DU Ruiying1,WANG Xu1   

  1. (1.Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Monitoring Technology,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;2.College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)
  • Received:2022-06-13 Published:2022-11-15 Online:2023-01-10

摘要: 为研究不同典型栽培模式下空心菜对砷(As)和矿质元素的富集特征差异,采用大田原位试验,研究了受As污染耕地(68.9 mg/kg)上28个空心菜品种在水生和旱生2种栽培模式下其可食部位对As和Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的富集规律。结果表明,在不同栽培模式下,空心菜对As和矿质元素富集存在显著差异,具体表现:空心菜可食部位中As和Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量呈现水生栽培模式高于旱生栽培模式,而Ca、Mg含量则为水生栽培模式低于旱生栽培模式。水生栽培模式下As和Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的平均富集系数分别为0.043 和0.002、0.067、0.401、0.052,旱生栽培模式下为0.004 和0.001、0.042、0.093、0.040。由此可见,水生栽培模式下空心菜对As和Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn富集效率明显均高于旱生栽培模式,而对于Ca、Mg富集效率呈现相反的趋势。空心菜对As和矿质元素的富集能力存在明显的种间差异,具体表现:水生栽培模式下,28个空心菜品种可食部位中As、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量最高品种分别比最低品种高出26.0、1.8、1.3、4.1、1.4、53.7、0.9倍,而旱生栽培模式分别为11.0、1.4、1.0、8.4、2.9、7.8、1.1倍。依据聚类分析结果可得,同一类群空心菜品种因栽培模式的不同对As的富集效率呈现不一致,表明筛选As低积累空心菜品种应充分考虑栽培模式这一影响因素。根据GB 2762—2017中蔬菜As的限量标准(0.5 mg/kg),水生模式下28个空心菜品种As超标率为89.3%,旱生模式下为7.1%。综合分析,As污染土壤上,水生栽培模式有利于空心菜对As和微量元素富集,旱生栽培模式则有利于中量元素的富集。

关键词: 空心菜, 砷, 矿质元素, 栽培模式, 富集

Abstract: In order to compare and evaluate the differences in the enrichment characteristics of arsenic(As)and mineral elements in swamp cabbages under different typical cultivation modes,this study investigated the enrichment regularity of As,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in edible parts of 28 swamp cabbage varieties grown in As‑contaminated soils(68.9 mg/kg)under aquatic and dryland cultivation modes.The results showed that significant differences were found in the enrichment capacities of As and mineral elements in swamp cabbage varieties under different cultivation modes.The contents of As,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in edible parts of swamp cabbage varieties were higher under aquatic cultivation mode than those of dryland cultivation mode,while the contents of Ca and Mg showed the opposite trends.The average enrichment coefficients of As and Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn in aquatic cultivation mode were 0.043,0.002,0.067,0.401,0.052,and 0.004,0.001,0.042,0.093,0.040 in dryland cultivation mode respectively. These indicated that the enrichment efficiency of As,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn in aquatic cultivation mode was significantly higher than that at dryland cultivation mode,but the enrichment efficiency of Ca and Mg showed an opposite trend.The enrichment of As,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn showed significant differences among different swamp cabbage varieties,with 26.0,1.8,1.3,4.1,1.4,53.7,0.9 times higher between the maximum and minimum values under aquatic cultivation mode,and 11.0,1.4,1.0,8.4,2.9,7.8,1.1 times higher for dryland cultivation mode.According to the cluster analysis,under the two cultivation modes,the As enrichment trends in the same group were not consistent due to different cultivation modes,which indicated that the influencing factor of cultivation mode should be fully considered in the selection of swamp cabbage cultivars with low As accumulation.In comparison with the limit standard of As in vegetables(0.5 mg/kg)of GB 2762—2017,the over‑limit rate of As was 89.3% under aquatic cultivation mode,and 7.1% under dryland cultivation mode.Overall,in As‑contaminated soil,the aquatic mode was beneficial to the enrichment of As and microelements in swamp cabbage,while the dryland mode was beneficial to the enrichment of medium elements.

Key words: Swamp cabbage, Arsenic, Mineral element, Cultivation mode, Accumulation

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