Analysis of Cecal Microbiota Diversity of High‑quality Xinghua Chicken and Gudian Chicken

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.015

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the characteristics of cecal flora in low‑fat（Xinghua chicken）and high‑fat（Gudian chicken）breeds during the fattening and slaughtering stage，10 healthy Xinghua chickens and 10 Gudian chickens at 126 days of age under the same feeding conditions were selected for slaughter determination and comparative analysis.At the same time，five chickens were randomly selected from them for testing，and their cecal contents were collected for analysis of the microbial community structure through 16S rRNA V3—V4 region sequencing.The results showed that both live weight and slaughter weight of Xinghua chickens were significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens，while abdominal fat weight，slaughtering rate，and abdominal fat rate were extremely significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens.α diversity analysis revealed that the richness of gut microbiota in Gudian chickens was higher than in Xinghua chickens，but the difference was not significant，and the diversity of intestinal flora in Gudian chicken was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chicken at the family level.β diversity analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences in the diversity of microbial communities between the two varieties at the genus and family levels. In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the phylum level，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was extemely significantly higher in Gudian chickens than in Xinghua chickens，the relative abundance of Deferribacterota was significantly higher than in Xinghua chickens，and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota was extremely significantly lower than in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the family level，the abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and Succinivibrionaceae in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the genus level，the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.Through LEfSe differential analysis（LDA>3，P<0.05），8 specific marker bacteria of high‑fat Gudian chicken and 5 specific marker bacteria of low‑fat Xinghua chicken were identified respectively. Among them，the LDA scores of Phascolarctobacterium and Faecalibacterium with high abundance were higher，which may be significantly related to the phenotype of more abdominal fat deposition in high‑fat Gudian chickens and less abdominal fat deposition in low‑fat Xinghua chickens.In summary，microbiome analysis revealed significant differences in the cecal microbiota structure between Xinghua chickens and Gudian chickens，confirming the potential association between characteristic microbiota such as Proteobacteria，Succinivibrionaceae，and Phascolarctobacterium and fat deposition in broiler chickens.This provides a theoretical basis for microbiota improving broiler chicken production performance microbial.

Key words: Xinghua chicken, Gudian chicken, Abdominal fat, Cecum, Microbiome

摘要： 为探究低脂（杏花鸡）和高脂（古典鸡）肉鸡品种在育肥出栏阶段盲肠菌群特征，选取相同饲养条件下的126日龄健康杏花鸡和古典鸡各10只进行屠宰测定和比较分析。同时，各从中随机选取5只鸡采集盲肠内容物，通过16S rRNA V3—V4区测序分析微生物群落结构。结果表明，杏花鸡的活体质量和屠体质量均显著低于古典鸡，腹脂质量、屠宰率和腹脂率均极显著低于古典鸡。α多样性分析显示，古典鸡肠道菌群的丰富度高于杏花鸡，但差异不显著；在科水平上古典鸡肠道菌群多样性显著高于杏花鸡。β多样性分析表明，2个品种在属、科水平上的菌群多态性呈极显著差异。在门水平的菌群结构与差异分析中，古典鸡的变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度极显著高于杏花鸡，脱铁杆菌门（Deferribacterota）的相对丰度显著高于杏花鸡，疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobiota）的相对丰度极显著低于杏花鸡；在科水平的菌群结构与差异分析中，古典鸡的氨基酸球菌科（Acidaminococcaceae）和琥珀酸弧菌科（Succinivibrionaceae）丰度均极显著高于杏花鸡，瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）的相对丰度极显著低于杏花鸡；在属水平的菌群结构与差异分析中，古典鸡的考拉杆菌属（Phascolarctobacterium）和厌氧螺菌属（Anaerobiospirillum）丰度均极显著高于杏花鸡，栖粪杆菌属（Faecalibacterium）的相对丰度显著低于杏花鸡。通过LEfSe差异分析（LDA>3，P<0.05），分别鉴定出8个高脂型古典鸡的特异性标志菌群和5个低脂型杏花鸡的特异性标志菌群。其中，高丰度菌属Phascolarctobacterium和Faecalibacterium的LDA得分较高，可能与高脂型古典鸡腹脂沉积较多和低脂型杏花鸡腹脂沉积较少的表型显著相关。综上，通过微生物组学分析揭示了杏花鸡与古典鸡盲肠菌群结构的显著差异，证实了Proteobacteria、Succinivibrionaceae、Phascolarctobacterium 等特征性菌群与肉鸡脂肪沉积的潜在关联，为微生物改善肉鸡生产性能提供了理论依据。

关键词: 杏花鸡, 古典鸡, 腹脂, 盲肠, 菌群

CLC Number:

S831.1

LIANG Shuqi, JIA Shaoyan, LI Ying, XU Wenjie, WU Baozhou, JIA Xinzheng. Analysis of Cecal Microbiota Diversity of High‑quality Xinghua Chicken and Gudian Chicken[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 145-152.

梁舒棋, 贾少炎, 李莹, 许文杰, 吴宝周, 贾新正. 优质型杏花鸡与古典鸡盲肠微生物菌群多样性分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(7): 145-152.

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