Abstract: To evaluate the important economic traits of the hybrid offspring of Norwegian red bulls and Holstein cows，the breeding indexes such as the number of services，first service conception rate，average birth weight of calves，and average interbirth interval and lactation performance indicators such as average lactation day，305‑day milk yield，and peak day average milk yield，as well as milk safety indicators（total bacterial content，heavy metals ions and drug residues）and nutritional indicators（amino acid composition and fatty acid composition）of the hybrid offspring（F₁ and F₂）of Norwegian red bulls and Holstein cows under the same feeding environment were compared.Their reproductive performance，lactation performance and milk quality characteristics were systematically analyzed.The results showed that compared with Holstein cows，the reproductive performance of F₁ and F₂ was significantly improved.The specific performance was that the number of service was significantly reduced，the first service conception rate was significantly increased，the average birth weight of calves was significantly reduced，and the average interbirth interval was significantly shortened.The lactation performance remained stable，and the specific performance was that the 305‑day milk yield and peak day average milk yield of F₁ and F₂ were not significantly different from those of Holstein cattle.The milk quality was significantly improved，which was manifested in the significant increase of average milk fat rate and average milk protein rate，and the decrease of acidity value.Safety standards were met，with all hygiene indicators complying with national standards.The ratio of essential amino acids/total amino acids（41.71%）and essential amino acids/non‑essential amino acids（71.56%）reached the ideal protein standards required by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）and the World Health Organization（WHO）.In conclusion，Norwegian red bull hybridization technology can significantly improve the reproductive efficiency and dairy quality of Holstein cows while maintaining lactation performance.After hybridization，it represents excellent comprehensive production performance and has important application value.

Key words: Norwegian red bull, Holstein cow, Hybridization, Reproductive performance, Lactation performance, Milk quality

摘要： 为了评估挪威红牛与荷斯坦奶牛杂交后代的重要经济性状表现，通过对比相同饲养环境下挪威红牛杂交后代（F1和F2）与荷斯坦奶牛的配种次数、首次情期受胎率、犊牛出生平均体质量、产后平均胎间距等繁殖指标，平均泌乳天数、305 d产奶量、高峰日平均产奶量等泌乳性能指标，以及牛乳安全指标（菌落总数、重金属和药物残留）及营养指标（氨基酸组成和脂肪酸组成），系统分析其繁殖性能、泌乳性能和乳品质特征。结果表明，与荷斯坦奶牛相比，F1、F2繁殖性能显著提升，具体表现为配种次数显著降低，首次情期受胎率显著提高，犊牛出生平均体质量显著降低，产后平均胎间距显著缩短；泌乳性能保持稳定，具体表现为F1、F2的305 d产奶量和高峰日平均产奶量总体上与荷斯坦奶牛无显著差异；乳品质明显改善，具体表现为平均乳脂率和平均乳蛋白率显著增加，酸度值降低；安全性达标，各项卫生指标均符合国家标准；营养均衡性优良，必需氨基酸/总氨基酸（41.71%）和必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸（71.56%）比值达到联合国粮农组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）理想蛋白要求。综上，挪威红牛杂交技术在保持泌乳性能的同时，可显著提高荷斯坦奶牛的繁殖效率和乳品质量，其杂交后代表现出优良的综合生产性能，具有重要的推广应用价值。

关键词: 挪威红牛, 荷斯坦奶牛, 杂交, 繁殖性能, 泌乳性能, 乳品质