Effects of Shading on Source⁃Sink⁃Translocation Traits of Different Peanut Varieties

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.005

Abstract

Abstract: To evaluate the shade tolerance of different peanut cultivars and explore the impact of shading on source⁃sink⁃translocation characteristics，seven commonly cultivated peanut（Arachis hypogaea L.）varieties were selected to investigate their photosynthetic capacity，stem anatomical structure，reproductive development，and yield components under both normal light and shading conditions.The results showed that shading significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and SPAD chlorophyll values，indicating a decline in assimilate synthesis capacity. In terms of transport traits，shading decreased the number of vascular bundles and xylem vessels by 9.52% and 30.10%，respectively.Reproductive development was also affected. The maximal flowering accumulation rate of Kaifeng 49，Yuhua 31，and Huayu 20 decreased by over 40%，while Puhua 28，Yuhua 22，and Yuhua 23 experienced declines of around 25%. Theoretical maximum flower number decreased by more than 50% in Kaifeng 49 and Yuhua 31，and by 12.48% and 15.86% in Yuhua 23 and Yuhua 22，respectively.While shading had little effect on the peak pod⁃filling rate，it delayed the time to reach this rate by an average of 5 days and shortened the duration of rapid accumulation by 6 days. Yield performance varied across cultivars：under shading，Yuhua 22 and Yuhua 23 showed relatively higher yields，with Yuhua 23 producing 1.33 times and 1.67 times more than Huayu 20 and Puhua 28，respectively.These findings suggest that Yuhua 22 and Yuhua 23 are suitable for shaded environments，with management strategies focused on enhancing photosynthesis. In contrast，Huayu 20 requires agronomic interventions that promote flowering and regulate assimilate translocation under shade.

Key words: Peanut, Shade, Synthesis ability, Stem tissue structure, Pod development

摘要： 以生产中较为常见的7个花生品种为材料，研究了遮荫及正常条件下不同花生品种合成能力、茎秆组织结构、生殖器官生长发育及产量构成差异，探讨遮荫对不同花生品种源库流性状的影响，以期为耐荫花生品种的筛选和花生高光效栽培技术的研发提供参考。结果表明，在合成能力方面，遮荫使花生净光合速率、叶绿素SPAD值较正常条件下下降，有机物合成能力下降。在运输能力方面，遮荫导致维管束数量较正常条件下减少9.52%，木质部导管数量较正常减少30.10%。在生殖发育方面，遮荫后开农49、豫花31、花育20的开花量最大累积速率降幅在40%以上，濮花28、豫花22、豫花23的开花量最大累积速率降幅在25%左右；开农49、豫花31理论最大开花量减少50%以上，豫花23、豫花22理论最大开花量减少12.48%、15.86%；遮荫对荚果发育充实的最大累积速率影响不大，但最大累积速率出现时间平均推迟5 d，快速累积持续期平均减少6 d。在产量构成方面，遮荫处理豫花23、豫花22的产量较高，而花育20、濮花28的产量则相对较低，豫花23遮荫条件下的产量是花育20的1.33倍、濮花28的1.67倍。在耐荫生产中可优先选择豫花22、豫花23，在管理上应以促进光合能力为主；若选择花育20，在生产管理中应以促开花、调节物质转运为主。

关键词: 花生, 遮荫, 合成能力, 茎秆组织结构, 荚果发育

CLC Number:

S565.2

ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Man, ZHANG Penglei, ZHANG Zhongxin, ZHANG Xinyou, LIU Juan, HAO Xi, DONG Wenzhao, ZANG Xiuwang. Effects of Shading on Source⁃Sink⁃Translocation Traits of Different Peanut Varieties[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(12): 40-48.

张俊, 张曼, 张朋磊, 张忠信, 张新友, 刘娟, 郝西, 董文召, 臧秀旺. 遮荫对不同花生品种源库流性状的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(12): 40-48.

Figures/Tables 8

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