河南农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 91-102.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.010

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同绿肥及播种时间对贵州辣椒生长及土壤酶活性、微生物多样性的影响

姚单君，廖恒，张钦，况胜剑，梁燕菲，张爱华，秦松，朱青   

  1. （贵州省农业科学院 土壤肥料研究所/农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站，贵州 贵阳 550006）
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 接受日期:2025-08-29 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 张钦（1988-），女，广西荔浦人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事绿肥、土壤学与环境生态方向研究。E-mail：zhangqinzq@qq.com
  • 作者简介:姚单君（1991-），女，贵州遵义人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事农业生态研究。E-mail：y_danjun@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划技术榜单项目（黔科合重大［2025］013）；国家绿肥产业技术体系项目（CARS-22）；贵州省科技支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑［2020］1Y085号）；贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目（黔农科一般基金［2025］28）

Effects of Different Green Manure Varieties and Sowing Times on the Growth，Soil Enzyme Activity，and Microbial Diversity of Chili Pepper in Guizhou

YAO Danjun，LIAO Heng，ZHANG Qin，KUANG Shengjian，LIANG Yanfei，ZHANG Aihua，QIN Song，ZHU Qing   

  1. （Institute of Soil and Fertilizer/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Guizhou Cultivated Land Conservation and Agricultural Environment Science Observation Experimental Station，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guiyang 550006，China）
  • Received:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-08-29 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-12
  • About author:

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摘要： 为探究不同绿肥种类及播种时间对贵州辣椒生长、产量、品质及土壤酶活性、微生物多样性的影响，以正椒六号辣椒为材料，设置11个处理，包括冬闲、冬季种植白菜，以及在不同时间（8月底、9月中下旬、10月中旬）播种不同绿肥（光叶紫花苕子、箭筈豌豆、油菜）处理，测定辣椒生长指标、养分积累量、产量、品质及土壤酶活性、微生物多样性等指标。结果表明，绿肥翻压时其种类及播种时间不同程度地影响辣椒产量及养分积累量。各绿肥种植处理减缓了辣椒生长后期叶片中叶绿素相对含量下降，以油菜在8月底播种效果最显著。在辣椒收获期（移栽后114 d），油菜在8月底播种处理辣椒地上部干物质量及氮、磷、钾积累量较冬闲处理分别提高39.45%、64.46%、45.50%、31.95%。箭筈豌豆在8月底播种处理辣椒产量最高，较冬闲提高5.56%。油菜在8月底播种处理辣椒维生素C和还原糖含量分别较冬闲处理提高20.69%、0.18%，硝酸盐含量降低10.78%。种植翻压绿肥提升了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性，其中土壤脲酶活性较种植白菜处理提升15.94%~89.18%，较冬闲处理提升10.26%~79.91%。种植翻压绿肥可有效提高土壤微生物多样性，油菜在8月底播种处理对细菌、真菌群落的Ace、Chao及Sobs指数提升最显著。土壤酶活性、细菌群落多样性、真菌群落多样性与辣椒生长、产量及品质指标间的相关性分析结果表明，绿肥通过提高土壤微生物群落多样性及酶活性影响辣椒产量和品质。综上，冬种绿肥并还田可提升土壤酶活性及微生物多样性，促进辣椒生长，提高辣椒产量和品质，不同绿肥种类中以油菜效果最佳，其最佳播种时间为8月底。

关键词: 绿肥, 辣椒, 养分积累, 产质量, 土壤酶活性, 土壤微生物多样性

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different types of green manure and sowing time on the growth，yield，quality，soil enzyme activity，and microbial diversity of Guizhou chili peppers，the Zhengjiao No.6 chili pepper was used as the material，and 11 treatments were set up，including winter fallow，winter planting of cabbage，and sowing of different green manures（Vicia villosa Rothvar，Vicia sativa L.，Brassica campestris）at different times（late August，mid to late September，mid October）.The growth indicators，nutrient accumulation，yield，quality，soil enzyme activity，microbial diversity，and other indicators of chili peppers were measured.The results showed that the type of green manure and the time of sowing had varying degrees of impact on the yield and nutrient accumulation of green manure. Various green manure planting treatments slowed down the decrease in chlorophyll relative content in the leaves of chili peppers in the later stage of growth，with the most significant effect observed in the sowing treatment of Brassica campestris at the end of August. During the harvesting period of chili peppers（114 days after transplantation） ，the above ground dry matter mass and nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium accumulation of chili peppers treated with Brassica campestris at the end of August increased by 39.45%，64.46%，45.50%，and 31.95%，respectively，compared to the winter idle treatment.The highest yield of chili peppers was achieved by sowing Vicia sativa L.at the end of August，which increased by 5.56%compared to winter fallow.The sowing treatment of Brassica campestris at the end of August increased the vitamin C and reducing sugar content of chili peppers by 20.69% and 0.18% respectively compared to the winter idle treatment，while reducing the nitrate content by 10.78%.Planting green manure significantly increased the activities of soil urease，sucrase，and catalase，with soil urease activity increasing by 15.94% to 89.18% compared to cabbage treatment and 10.26% to 79.91% compared to winter fallow treatment.Planting green manure could effectively improve soil microbial diversity，and the Ace，Chao，and Sobs indices of bacterial and fungal communities were increased most significantly by sowing Brassica campestris at the end of August.The correlation analysis between soil enzyme activity，bacterial community diversity，fungal community diversity，and chili growth，yield，and quality indicators showed that green manure affected chili fruit yield and quality by increasing soil microbial community diversity and enzyme activity. In summary，planting green manure in winter and returning it to the field can enhance soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity，promote the growth of Guizhou pepper，improve pepper yield and quality.Among different types of green manure，Brassica campestris has the best effect，and its optimal sowing time is at the end of August.

Key words: Green manure, Chili pepper, Nutrient accumulation, Yield and quality, Soil enzyme activity, Soil microbial diversity

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