酶的理性设计在作物育种中的应用进展与前景展望

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 优良种质资源是粮食安全的重要保证，传统育种技术存在周期长、工作量庞大等问题。随着生物学与计算机技术的深度融合，针对作物关键基因进行定向优化的酶的理性设计，为更大限度挖掘优质基因资源奠定了基础，进一步与基因编辑及转基因技术相结合，成为分子育种技术探索中的重要方向之一。阐述了分子对接、分子动力学模拟、结合自由能评价等酶的理性设计常用方法，综述了酶的理性设计在提高作物品质、抗逆性和生物量方面的应用进展，并对未来的前景进行展望，以期为作物育种新技术的开发和利用提供参考。

关键词: 酶, 理性设计, 作物育种, 基因编辑, 遗传转化

Abstract: Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding.

Key words: Enzyme, Rational design, Crop breeding, Gene editing, Genetic transformation

中图分类号:

Q946

王东辉, 王奥轩, 何长海, 刘志豪, 石永春, 王燃, 王潇然. 酶的理性设计在作物育种中的应用进展与前景展望[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(5): 1-9.

WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran. Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(5): 1-9.

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