秸秆还田下氮钾肥配施对寒地水稻抗倒伏性能的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.003

河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 17-24.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.003

秸秆还田下氮钾肥配施对寒地水稻抗倒伏性能的影响

张雪松¹，张鹏²，汪秀志²，陈荣发²，王文玉²，万思宇²，宋维民²，张巩亮²，李逸²，钱永德¹

(1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，黑龙江大庆 163319；2.黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点试验室，黑龙江大庆 163319)

收稿日期:2020-08-10 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: 钱永德（1973-），男，黑龙江大庆人，教授，主要从事寒地水稻优质高产栽培研究。E-mail:byndqyd@163.com
作者简介:张雪松（1997-），男，黑龙江牡丹江人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：水稻高产与优质栽培。E-mail:1064760822@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2018YED0200206）；黑龙江八一农垦大学科研团队平台支持计划项目（TDJH201802）

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Potassium on Lodging Resistance of Rice in Cold Region under Condition of Returning Straw to Field

ZHANG Xuesong¹,ZHANG Peng²,WANG Xiuzhi²,CHEN Rongfa²,WANG Wenyu²,WAN Siyu²,SONG Weimin²,ZHANG Gongliang²,LI Yi²,QIAN Yongde¹

(1.College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China; 2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,China)

Received:2020-08-10 Published:2021-03-15 Online:2021-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决寒地秸秆还田及肥料配施不当导致水稻茎秆倒伏问题，在寒地水稻主产区以水稻品种垦粳8号为材料，采用二因素随机区组设计，研究秸秆还田条件下不同氮钾（N1：62.592 kg/hm²，N2：125.184 kg/hm²，N3：187.776 kg/hm²； K1：45 kg/hm²，K2：90 kg/hm²，K3：135 kg/hm²）配施对水稻抗倒伏性能的影响。结果表明，在秸秆还田条件下，氮肥对重心高，穗长，第二、三节间长，第三、四节间粗，茎壁厚度，抗折力，折断弯矩，倒伏指数的影响达到了显著或极显著水平；钾肥对各节间重心高，第三、四节间长，第三节间粗，茎壁厚度，抗折力，第二、三节间的弯曲力矩，折断弯矩的影响均达到了显著或极显水平；而氮钾互作则主要影响植株的节间长、重心高、抗折力及折断弯矩。在低中氮（N1、N2）条件下，增施钾肥有利于提高各节间抗折力，降低倒伏指数；在高氮（N3）情况下，过量施用钾肥则总体会使植株抗折力下降，倒伏指数增加。在不同组合处理中，以N2K3处理的倒伏指数最小，其次为N1K3处理。在寒地秸秆还田条件下，垦粳8号水稻茎秆抗倒伏的氮钾最优配施方案(N2K3)为施 N 125.184 kg/hm²、K₂O 135 kg/hm²，氮钾配比为0.927∶1 。

关键词: 水稻, 秸秆还田, 氮钾肥配施, 抗倒伏性, 倒伏指数, 寒地

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of stem lodging caused by returning straw to the field and improper fertilizer application in the northern cold regions,the rice variety Kenjing No.8 was used as the material,a two-factor random block design was adopted,the effect of combined application of different nitrogen and potassium( N1:62. 592 kg/ha,N2:125.184 kg/ha,N3:187.776 kg/ha;K1:45 kg/ha,K2:90 kg/ha,K3:135 kg/ha)on lodging resistance of rice was studied under the condition of returning straw to the field in rice main production region in cold regions.The results showed that under the condition of full amount of straw returning to the field,nitrogen fertilizer had significant or extremely significant effects on the height of gravity center, ear length, length of second and third internodes,diameter of third and fourth internodes,thickness of stem wall,breaking resistance,anti-breaking moment and lodging index; potassium fertilizer had significant or extremely significant effects on height of gravity center,length of third and forth internodes,diameter of third internode,thickness of stem wall,breaking resistance and anti-breaking moment,bending moment of second and third intemodes and anti-breaking moment;the interaction of nitrogen and potassium mainly affected the length of internodes, height of gravity center,breaking resistance and anti-breaking moment.Under low and middle nitrogen(N1,N2) conditions,additional application of potassium fertilizer was conducive to improve the breaking resistance,reduce lodging index; under high nitrogen(N3) condition,excessive application of potassium fertilizer reduced the plant’ s breaking resistance,and increased lodging index.Among the different combination treatments,the lodging index of N2K3 treatment was the smallest,followed by N1K3 treatment.Under the condition of full amount of straw returning to the field in the cold area,the optimal application plan resistant to lodging of nitrogen and potassium for Kenjing No.8 was N2K3 treatment (N:125.184 kg/ha+K₂O 135 kg/ha),and the ratio of nitrogen and potassium was 0.927∶1.

Key words: Rice, Straw returned to field, Combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, Lodging resistance, Lodging index, Cold region

中图分类号:

S511

张雪松, 张鹏, 汪秀志, 陈荣发, 王文玉, 万思宇, 宋维民, 张巩亮, 李逸, 钱永德. 秸秆还田下氮钾肥配施对寒地水稻抗倒伏性能的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2021, 50(3): 17-24.

ZHANG Xuesong, ZHANG Peng, WANG Xiuzhi, CHEN Rongfa, WANG Wenyu, WAN Siyu, SONG Weimin, ZHANG Gongliang, LI Yi, QIAN Yongde. Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Potassium on Lodging Resistance of Rice in Cold Region under Condition of Returning Straw to Field[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(3): 17-24.

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秸秆还田下氮钾肥配施对寒地水稻抗倒伏性能的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Potassium on Lodging Resistance of Rice in Cold Region under Condition of Returning Straw to Field

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