河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 151-159.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.04.017

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫色土池塘养殖底泥理化性质变化及营养沉积过程

李天才1,2 ,3,余米1,2,4,江瑞1,2,5,赵晴云1,2,付梅1,2,苏胜齐1,2   

  1. (1.西南大学水产学院,重庆 400700;2.西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆 400700;3.雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川 成都 610000;4.重庆市药物种植研究所,重庆 408435;5.重庆市合川区水产发展指导站,重庆 401520)
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-06 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-07-04
  • 通讯作者: 苏胜齐(1969-),男,四川眉山人,教授,博士,主要从事渔业资源与环境研究。E-mail:sushengqi@swu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李天才(1991-),男,江西上饶人,工程师,硕士,主要从事渔业资源与环境保护研究。E-mail:1392681520@qq.com。余米为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31472311);信豚创新基金项目(20160106)

Physicochemical Properties Change and Nutrient Deposition Process in Purple Soil Pond Mud

LI Tiancai1,2.3,YU Mi1,2,4,JIANG Rui1,2,5,ZHAO Qingyun1,2,FU Mei1,2,SU Shengqi1   

  1. (1.College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;2.Research Centre of Fishery Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;3.Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;4.Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation,Chongqing 408435,China;5.Hechuan Fishery Development Guidance Station,Chongqing 401520,China)
  • Received:2021-09-06 Published:2022-04-15 Online:2022-07-04

摘要: 为探讨紫色土池塘养殖进程中底泥理化性质变化及营养沉积过程,以重庆市铜梁区(N29.5130°,E106.4010°)采集的紫色土作为基础,覆水模拟紫色土池塘半年的养殖过程,定期测定底泥温度、pH值、氧化还原电位等理化指标和有机质、氮、磷、钾、镁、硫等营养成分含量。结果表明,石灰性紫色土pH值达8.5,碱性明显,营养总体偏低。建成池塘后底泥迅速向中性转化,养殖组pH值(7.1)明显低于对照组(7.3);养殖组底泥表现为还原性,氧化还原电位降至约-210.0 mV,明显低于对照组(180.0 mV)。养殖组底泥主要营养成分有机质、总氮、总磷、速效磷和速效钾等含量逐步升高,均高于对照组,试验结束时沉积量分别达5.10 g/kg、0.13 g/kg、0.45 g/kg、78.88 mg/kg和88.50 mg/kg;其他营养成分也有不同量沉积,仅镁含量降低。养殖组底泥有机质不断累积并发生厌氧反应,但底泥pH值中后期较为稳定且仍处在宜渔区间,表现出石灰性紫色土作为池塘底泥的较强缓冲性。按照底泥有机质5.1 g(/ kg·a)沉积和碳氮比升高的速度,养殖3 a后其将变为低渔产力池塘,故建议新建石灰性紫色土池塘养殖清淤年限不应超过3 a。

关键词: 石灰性紫色土, 池塘底泥, 模拟养殖, 理化性质变化, 营养元素沉积

Abstract: This paper aimed to monitor the physicochemical properties changes and nutrient deposition process in calcareous purple soil pond mud among the fishing process. Purple soils collected in Tongliang District,Chongqing(N29. 5130°,E106.4010°),were poured on the bottom of culture tank as foundation of the simulative pond.In the half year of fishing process,the mud temperature,pH,redox potential(O.R.P),organic matter(SOM)content,total nitrogen(TN) content,alkali‑N content,total phosphorus(TP)content,olsen‑P content,total potassium(TK)content,avail‑K content,Mg content,S content and the carbon nitrogen ratio(C∶N)were tested termly.The results showed that calcareous purple soil had a pH of 8.5 and was highly alkaline.In general,it was not fertile. After being flooded,the pH and O.R.P of pond mud reduced quickly,the pH approached to 7.3 and the O.R.P fluctuated around 180.0 mV.But feeding made pH and O.R.P reduce to 7.1 and -210.0 mV.In the process of feeding,the contents of SOM,TN,TP,alkali‑K and olsen‑P increased with time and were significantly higher than the flooded group. By the end of the experiment,deposit amounts of SOM,TN,TP,alkali‑K and olsen‑P were 5.10 g/kg,0.13 g/kg,0.45 g/kg,78.88 mg/kg and 88.50 mg/kg.The other nutrients contents of the feeding group pond mud increased in varying amounts,except that only the content of Mg reduced. Despite the continuous accumulation of SOM and anaerobic reaction in the feeding group pond mud,the pH did not change much in the middle and late period and was still suitable for fishing,showing that the calcareous purple soil had strong buffering ability as the foundation of ponds. According to SOM deposition ratio[5.1 g(/kg·a)]and C∶N increase rate,calcareous purple soil pond’s fish productivity would change to be low in three years. Thus,the pond mud should be managed carefully,and the sectional silt should be removed no more than every three years at the off‑fishing season to keep its fish productivity.

Key words: Calcareous purple soil, Pond mud, Fishing simulation, Physicochemical properties changes, Nutrient deposition

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