Fish Community Structure and Ecological Niche of the Major Fish Species in Nanwan Reservoir

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.016

Abstract

Abstract: To understand the fish community structure characteristics and interspecific relationships of major fish species in Nanwan Reservoir，fish resource surveys were conducted in November 2022（autumn） and May 2023（spring）.Community composition，fish diversity，and spatiotemporal niche characteristics［including niche width index（Bi ） and overlap index（Qik）］were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 1 903 fish were captured in the two surveys，belonging to 24 species，22 genera，6 families，and 4 orders. Comprehensive analysis showed that in Nanwan Reservoir Hemiculter leucisculus，Toxabramis swinhonis，and Xenocypris davidi was the dominant species. Based on the PINKAS relative importance index（IRI），a total of 10 major fish species were identified.There were spatio‑temporal variations in fish diversity in the Nanwan Reservoir.The Margalef species richness index in spring（2.78）was slightly higher than that in autumn（2.67），whereas the Shannon‑wiener diversity index，Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index in autumn were significantly higher than in spring，and the fish species diversity was significantly higher in the central reservoir area. Spatio‑temporal niche analysis revealed that Chanodichthys dabryi（1.254），X.davidi（1.073），and Sarcocheilichthys sciistius（1.024）exhibited moderate niche width index，while other species showed low niche width index.Among spatiotemporal niche overlap index，18 species pairs（40% of total pairs）showed high overlap index（Q_ik>0.6），and 11 pairs（24.4%）exhibited low overlap index（Q_ik<0.3）.The highest spatiotemporal overlap occurred between Pseudorasbora parva and Carassius auratus（0.922），while P.parva and T.swinhonis，despite having similar ecological habits，displayed low overlap index（0.249）.In conclusion，the dominant fish species with significant differences in feeding habits and living water layers in the Nanwan Reservoir show a more stable community structure；fish species with similar feeding habits but different living spaces have higher spatial and temporal overlap index.Fish species with similar feeding habits and living water layers may have reduced spatial and temporal overlap index due to niche competition，accompanied by significant population fluctuations.

Key words: Fish, Nanwan Reservoir, Community structure, Niche width index, Niche overlap index

摘要： 为了解南湾水库鱼类群落结构特征和种间关系，分别于2022年11月（秋季）和2023年5月（春季）开展鱼类资源调查，分析其群落组成、鱼类多样性及时空生态位特征［包括生态位宽度指数（B_i）和重叠指数（Q_ik）］。结果表明，2次调查共捕获鱼类1 903尾，隶属于4目6科22属24种。综合分析表明，南湾水库优势种为䱗、似鱎和黄尾鲴，根据PINKAS相对重要性指数（IRI）确定主要鱼类共10种。南湾水库鱼类多样性存在一定的时空差异，Margalef 物种丰富度指数春季（2.78）稍高于秋季（2.67），Shannonwiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均为秋季明显高于春季，库区中部鱼类多样性更高。时空生态位分析表明，达氏鲌（1.254）、黄尾鲴（1.073）和红鳍鳈（1.024）具有中等生态位宽度指数，其余物种生态位宽度指数较窄；时空生态位重叠指数中，高重叠指数（Q_ik>0.6）的有18组，占总组数的40.0%，重叠指数低于0.3的有11组，占总组数的24.4%。时空重叠度最高的是麦穗鱼与鲫（0.922），而麦穗鱼与生态习性更相似的似鱎重叠指数反而较低（0.249）。综上，在南湾水库食性和生活水层具有明显差异的优势鱼种表现出更稳定的群落结构；食性相似但生活空间不同的鱼种时空重叠指数较高；而食性和生活水层均相似的鱼种可能因生态位竞争导致时空重叠指数降低，并伴随明显的种群数量波动。

关键词: 鱼, 南湾水库, 群落结构, 生态位宽度指数, 生态位重叠指数

CLC Number:

S931.1

LUN Feng, TAN Chenxi, SU Chaoqun, YANG Tiezhu, MA Yuanye, LI Zheng. Fish Community Structure and Ecological Niche of the Major Fish Species in Nanwan Reservoir[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 159-166.

伦峰, 檀晨曦, 苏超群, 杨铁柱, 马原野, 李峥. 南湾水库鱼类群落结构及主要鱼类的生态位[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(8): 159-166.

Figures/Tables 7

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