Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to determine the photosynthetic indexes[intercellular CO₂ concentration(X₁),ranspiration rate(X₂),stomatal conductance(X₃),net photosynthetic rate(X₄),instantaneous water use efficiency(X₅)]and leaf morphological indexes［leaf area(X₆)，dry leaf weight(X₇),specific leaf weight(X₈)]of 37 foxtail millet varieties,the fuzzy membership function,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet varieties,the varieties with high photosynthetic efficiency were screened,and the regression equation of photosynthetic performance prediction was established by stepwise regression analysis,so as to provide a reference for the screening and utilization of high photosynthetic efficiency foxtail millet germplasm. The results showed that the photosynthetic indexes and leaf morphological indexes were significantly different among 37 foxtail millet varieties.The CV ranged from 3.41% to 33.94%.The CV of stomatal conductance was the largest(33.94%),and the CV of specific leaf weight was the smallest(3.41%).The results of correlation analysis showed that intercellular CO₂ concentration was significantly negatively correlated with transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate;Transpiration rate was significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate;Instantaneous water use efficiency was significantly negatively correlated with transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate;Leaf area was significantly positively correlated with dry leaf weight.Principal component analysis was used to transform the 8 indicators into 3 independent comprehensive indicators.Transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate could be used as evaluation indicators for the identification of photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet.Through cluster analysis,37 foxtail millet varieties were divided into three categories(high photosynthetic efficiency，medium photosynthetic efficiency and low photosynthetic efficiency),and 8 high photosynthetic efficiency varieties,including Nenxuan 22,Datong 25,Gonggu 88,Yangu 18,Jingu 20，Mengfeng 7,Longgu 13 and Gonggu 75,were screened out,which could be used as parent materials for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding.The regression model of foxtail millet photosynthetic performance was established by stepwise regression analysis(D=-1.391 984 196+0.000 619 787 003 4X₁+0.051 519 289 48X₂+0.674 399 672 2X₃+0.013 844 082 338X₄+0.058 230 284 78X₅+0.003 403 878 541X₆+0.051 881 997 92X₈）.

Key words: Foxtail millet, High photosynthetic efficiency, Photosynthetic performance, Comprehensive evaluation, Screening

摘要： 采用大田试验，对37个谷子品种的光合指标［胞间CO₂浓度(X₁)、蒸腾速率(X₂)、气孔导度(X₃)、净光合速率(X₄)、瞬时水分利用效率(X₅)]、叶片形态指标［叶面积(X₆)、叶干质量(X₇)、比叶质量(X₈)]进行测定，运用模糊隶属函数、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析对谷子品种的光合性能进行综合评价，筛选高光效品种，并采用逐步回归分析建立光合性能预测回归方程，为高光效谷子种质筛选及利用提供参考。结果表明，37个谷子品种的光合指标和叶片形态指标在品种间存在较大差异，CV 在3.41%~33.94%，气孔导度的CV 最大（33.94%），比叶质量的CV 最小（3.41%）。相关分析结果表明，胞间CO₂浓度与蒸腾速率、净光合速率均呈极显著负相关；蒸腾速率与净光合速率呈极显著正相关；瞬时水分利用效率与蒸腾速率呈极显著负相关，与净光合速率呈显著负相关；叶面积与叶干质量呈极显著正相关。利用主成分分析将8个指标转化为3个独立的综合指标，蒸腾速率、净光合速率可作为谷子光合性能鉴定的评价指标。通过聚类分析，将37个谷子品种划分为3类（高光效、中等光效、低光效），筛选出嫩选22、大同25、公谷88、燕谷18、晋谷20、蒙丰7号、陇谷13、公谷75等8个高光效品种，可作为高光效育种亲本材料加以利用。利用逐步回归分析方法建立了谷子光合性能评估回归模型(D=-1.391 984 196+0.000 619 787 003 4X₁+0.051 519 289 48X₂+0.674 399 672 2X₃+0.013 844 082 338X₄+0.058 230 284 78X₅+0.003 403 878 541X₆+0.051 881 997 92X₈）。

关键词: 谷子, 高光效, 光合性能, 综合评价, 筛选