Abstract: Crop straw feed utilization is an important way to promote the goal of‘ double carbon’ and the green transformation of agriculture. At present，the technical system for the ‘five utilization modes’（fertilization，feedization，fuelization，substratization，materialization） is becoming more and more mature，but the biological conversion still faces the bottleneck of low degradation efficiency，poor process stability，and poor economic benefits. To systematically sort out the practical effects of biotransformation technology in the application of straw feed and to explore the core issues in the process of industrialization，based on the relevant literature at home and abroad，the biotransformation technology and its regulatory mechanism in the application of straw feed were focused on，and the synergistic effects of three mainstream technologies，microbial fermentation，enzymatic pretreatment，and insect body transformation，were analyzed. On this basis，the main challenges faced in the current large‐scale popularization and application were summarized，and the future development direction was proposed from the two dimensions of technological innovation and policy support in order to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the efficient utilization of crop straw feed and the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China.

Key words: Straw feed utilization, Bioconversion technology, Microbial fermentation, Enzymatic pretreatment, Insect organism transformation

摘要： 农作物秸秆饲料化是推动“双碳”目标与农业绿色转型的重要路径。当前，秸秆“五化”（肥料化、饲料化、燃料化、基料化、原料化）利用技术体系日趋成熟，但生物转化仍面临降解效率低、工艺稳定性差及经济效益不佳等瓶颈。为系统梳理生物转化技术在秸秆饲料化应用中的实践成效，并深入探讨其产业化进程中的核心问题，基于国内外相关文献，聚焦秸秆饲料化应用中的生物转化技术及其调控机制，重点分析了微生物发酵、酶解预处理和昆虫机体转化3种主流技术的增效作用。在此基础上，总结了当前规模化推广应用中所面临的主要挑战，并从技术创新与政策支持2个维度提出未来发展方向，以期为我国农作物秸秆饲料化高效利用及畜牧业可持续发展提供理论依据与实践参考。

关键词: 秸秆饲料化, 生物转化技术, 微生物发酵, 酶解预处理, 昆虫机体转化