Detoxication Effects of Eight Kinds of Alleviators on Phytotoxicity of Nicosulfuron to Tobacco

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.010

Abstract

Abstract: To address the phytotoxicity of residual nicosulfuron in maize field to following tobacco crop，the detoxification effects of commercially available safeners such as naphtha anhydride，cyclopropane sulfonamide，benoxacor，dichlormid，and plant growth regulators such as gibberellin，brassinolide，DA‑6，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture on phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron to tobacco were studied by indor pot experiment，field experiment，and biochemical analysis. The results showed that different amount of nicosulfuron demonstrated great inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco，and the inhibitory effect increased with the increasing of nicosulfuron.The detoxication was the best when the concentrations of cyclopropane sulfonamide，dichlormid，gibberellin，brassinolide，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture were 10，20，40，0.1，30 mg/L，while the detoxication of other three alleviators was not significant.The results of field tests indicated that the detoxication of cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid was better than other three chemicals，and dichlormid showed the best performance.After adding dichlormid for 63 days，the leaf length，leaf width，plant height，leaf number，and stem girth of tobacco was increased by 26.4%，21.6%，13.2%，75.2% and 14.3% compared to the control group.Compared with the control treatment with nicosulfuron，the treatment with cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid by root irrigation showed 51.91%－61.81% and 60.29%－91.95% increase for superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity，nitrate reductase（NR）activity and glutathione S‑transferase（GST）activity，respectively.Of note，the dichlormid treatment was better than cyclopropane sulfonamide. In summary，when nicosulfuron was used as herbicide in the previous maize field，the nicosulfuron‑caused phytotoxicity to tobacco can be effectively alleviated by cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid，and 20 mg/L（50 mL/plant）of dichlormid should be used preferentially.

Key words: Tobacco, Antidote, Maize herbicides, Nicosulfuron, Phytotoxicity, Detoxication effects

摘要： 为解决玉米田烟嘧磺隆残留对后茬烟草的药害，通过室内盆栽与大田试验，结合生物化学分析方法，探究了市售除草剂安全剂萘二甲酸酐、环丙磺酰胺、解草酮、氯草烯胺和植物生长调节剂赤霉素、芸苔素内酯、胺鲜酯以及亮氨酸-异亮氨酸-缬氨酸混合液等缓解药剂对烟草烟嘧磺隆药害的解毒效果。结果表明，不同用量烟嘧磺隆对烟苗生长有明显抑制作用，且抑制作用随其用量增加而增大。环丙磺酰胺、氯草烯胺、赤霉素、芸苔素内酯、亮氨酸-异亮氨酸-缬氨酸混合液的施用质量浓度分别为10、20、40、0.1、30 mg/L时，解毒效果较好，而其他3种缓解药剂效果不明显。进一步的田间试验结果表明，环丙磺酰胺和氯草烯胺处理的解毒效果较好，其中氯草烯胺的解毒效果优于环丙磺酰胺。添加氯草烯胺63 d后，烟株的叶长、叶宽、株高、叶片数、茎围较药害对照分别提高26.4%、21.6%、13.2%、75.2%、14.3%。酶活性结果显示，添加解毒剂环丙磺酰胺和氯草烯胺能够提高烟草超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性，分别比烟嘧磺隆药害对照增加51.91%~61.81%和60.29%~91.95%，其中氯草烯胺处理优于环丙磺酰胺。综上，前茬玉米田施用除草剂烟嘧磺隆时，施用安全剂环丙磺酰胺和氯草烯胺均可有效减轻烟嘧磺隆对烟草的药害，优先使用20 mg/L（50 mL/株）氯草烯胺作为解毒剂。

关键词: 烟草, 解毒剂, 玉米田除草剂, 烟嘧磺隆, 药害, 解毒效应

CLC Number:

YANG Nan, WANG Mingxin, JIANG Shengfei, LI Junying, FAN Liangxin, CHANG Dong, YIN Guangyu, XU Cuilian. Detoxication Effects of Eight Kinds of Alleviators on Phytotoxicity of Nicosulfuron to Tobacco[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(12): 99-109.

杨楠, 王明鑫, 江圣飞, 李俊营, 樊良鑫, 常栋, 阴广宇, 徐翠莲. 8 种缓解药剂对烟草烟嘧磺隆药害的解毒效果[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(12): 99-109.

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