Abstract: After fermentation of culture meterial,Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated by open inoculation method,which could effectively inhibit the growth of mold and improve the survival rate of the bag,but its antibacterial mechanism was still unclear.In this study,corn cob was used as the main material to study the effect of its extract on mycelium growth,mycelium biomass,spore germination rate,cell morphology,the enzyme activity of succinodehydrogenase,adenosine triphosphatase,and enzyme content of alkaline phosphatase of Trichoderma atroviride and Penicillium glaucum.The results indicated that during the fermentation period,the inhibitory effect of culture material on T.atroviride and P.glaucum increased gradually with the extension of fermentation time,and the highest inhibition rate of the extract on the two kinds of mycelium was 100.0% and 97.9%, respectively at the T4 stage.With the increase of the concentration of the extract liquid,the inhibition rate increased,the mycelium biomass decreased,and the inhibition rate of 100% treatment was 81.1%、75.9% and the hyphae biomass of T.atroviride and P.glaucum reduced by 66.2% and 64.6% respectively.Microscopic findings showed that after the culture of 80% treatment,T.atroviride mycelium cell wall and cell membrane were broken,vacuole and mitochondrial membrane were broken,ribosome distribution was uneven,cell content decreased,and the normal growth was hindered;and the edge of P.glaucum mycelium cell wall was rough and the diaphragm was broken.With the increase of extract concentration,the AKP content of T.atroviride and P.glaucum increased,which was 333.3% and 560.0% higher than that of the control.The activity of SDH enzyme related to respiration decreased to the lowest in 48 hours,which was 8.1 and 10.3 U/mg respectively.Both of the activity of ATP was lower than that of control group,which was 51.3% and 55.8% lower than that of the control group.The study showed that after fermentation of P.ostreatus culture material,the extract of P.ostreatus destroyed the cell wall and cell membrane of two kinds of mycelium,which resulted in the outflow of intracellular lysates and reduced mycelium metabolism and respiratory intensity,so the mycelium growth and spore germination of Trichoderma atroviride and Penicillium glaucum were inhibited.

Key words: Fermentation material;Extract, Mold;Fungistatic mechanism;Pleurotus ostreatus;Culture material

摘要： 培养料发酵后栽培平菇，能够有效抑制霉菌的滋生，提高菌袋的成活率，但其抑菌机制尚不清楚。以玉米芯为主料研究发酵料浸提液对深绿木霉（Trichoderma atroviride）、灰绿青霉（Penicillium glaucum）菌丝生长、孢子萌发、细胞形态、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）活性、三磷酸腺苷酶（ATP）活性、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量的影响。结果表明，发酵周期内，随发酵时间的延长，发酵料浸提液对2种霉菌的抑制作用逐渐增强，T4时期对深绿木霉、灰绿青霉菌丝抑菌率最高，分别达到100.0%、97.9%；随发酵料浸提液体积分数的增加，抑菌率提高，菌丝生物量减少，发酵料浸提液体积分数为100%时，对深绿木霉、灰绿青霉2种霉菌菌丝的抑菌率分别为81.1%、75.9%，菌丝生物量分别减少66.2%、64.6%。显微检测发现，80%发酵料浸提液处理后，深绿木霉菌丝细胞壁、细胞膜破裂，液泡、线粒体膜破裂，核糖体分布不均匀，细胞内容物减少；灰绿青霉菌丝细胞壁边缘粗糙，隔膜断裂。随发酵料浸提液体积分数增加，培养液中深绿木霉、灰绿青霉AKP含量增加，分别高于对照333.3%、560.0%；菌丝体内SDH活性在48 h降至最低，分别为8.1、10.3 U/mg；ATP活性下降，均低于对照组，分别较对照低51.3%、55.8%。平菇培养料发酵后其浸提液破坏2种霉菌菌丝细胞壁、细胞膜，导致细胞内溶物外流，降低菌丝代谢和呼吸强度，从而抑制深绿木霉、灰绿青霉的菌丝生长、孢子萌发。

关键词: 发酵料, 浸提液, 霉菌, 抑菌机制, 平菇, 培养料