Effects of Planting Pattern and Sowing Date on Nitrogen Translocation and Yield of Winter Wheat

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.10.004

Abstract

Abstract: The field experiments were conducted to explore the effect of different sowing dates［normal sowing（D0：October 14），postponed sowing（D1：October 21；D2：October 28）］and planting patterns［ridge‑furrow with full film mulching（RM），flat planting with full film mulching（FM）and flat planting without mulching（NM）］on the dry weight，nitrogen accumulation，nitrogen transport rate，the contribution rate of nitrogen to grains and yield of winter wheat，so as to provide theoretical basis for the proper arrangement of sowing date in response to tight farming time，delayed autumn rain and climate change and realizing high and stable yield of winter wheat. The results showed that as a whole，proper postponed sowing date（D1）increased the dry weight of leaves and stems at flowering stage，nitrogen accumulation in leaves at flowering and mature stages，nitrogen transport rate in leaves（55.4%）and the contribution rate of nitrogen to grains（104.2%），but decreased the number of grains per spike，effective spikes number and yield. At the same sowing date，compared with NM treatment，RM and FM treatments generally increased the dry weight of winter wheat at all stages，improved the ear traits and yields，and the increase of yield of RM treatment was greater than that of FM treatment. RM treatment mainly increased the nitrogen accumulation in leaves，FM treatment increased the nitrogen accumulation in stems，and both increased the number of effective spikes and yields. The number of grains per spike of RMD0 treatment was the most，and the greatest 1 000‑grain weight was obtained in NMD0 treatment. The effective spikes number of FMD0 treatment was the highest，which was 54. 4% higher than that of NMD0 treatment.Compared with NMD0 treatment，the yield of all treatments under RM and FM increased significantly，FMD0 treatment increased by 74. 9%，RMD0，RMD2 and RMD1 treatments increased by 61. 3%，46.2% and 44.6% respectively.In conclusion，ridge‑furrow with full film mulching under postponed sowing date and flat planting with full film mulching under normal sowing date could ensure the high and stable yield of winter wheat.

Key words: Sowing date, Flat planting, Ridge-furrow planting, Film mulching, Nitrogen translocation, Yield, Winter wheat

摘要： 通过大田试验，探索不同播期［正常播（D0：10月14日）、晚播（D1：10月21日；D2：10月28日］和种植模式［垄沟全覆膜（RM）、平作全覆膜（FM）和平作不覆膜（NM）］对冬小麦各器官干质量、氮素积累量、氮素转运率、氮素对籽粒的贡献率和产量的影响，为适当安排播期以应对农时过紧、秋雨延迟以及气候变化，实现我国冬小麦高产、稳产提供理论依据。结果表明，适当推迟播期（D1）总体上可以增加冬小麦开花期叶片、茎的干质量，开花期和成熟期叶片的氮素积累量，叶片的氮素转运率（55.4%）及氮素对籽粒的贡献率（104.2%），但降低了穗粒数、有效穗数和产量。同一播期下，与NM处理相比，RM和FM处理总体上增加了冬小麦植株各时期干质量，改善了穗部性状，提高了产量，以RM处理提高幅度更大。其中，RM处理主要提高叶片氮素积累量，FM处理增加茎氮素积累量，两者都增加了有效穗数和产量。RMD0处理冬小麦穗粒数最多，NMD0处理千粒质量最大，FMD0处理有效穗数最多，较NMD0处理增加54.4%。与NMD0 处理相比，RM 和FM 模式下所有处理的产量均显著提高，以FMD0 处理最高，提高74.9%；RMD0、RMD2、RMD1处理次之，分别提高61.3%、46.2%、44.6%。综上，正常播期采用平作全覆膜或晚播结合垄沟全覆膜种植模式均可保证冬小麦的高产、稳产。

关键词: 播期, 平作, 垄作, 覆膜, 氮素转运, 产量, 冬小麦

CLC Number:

S512.1

YU Meng, GU Xiaobo, LI Yuannong, CHEN Pengpeng, YANG Jinyu, LI Yupeng. Effects of Planting Pattern and Sowing Date on Nitrogen Translocation and Yield of Winter Wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(10): 27-36.

余梦, 谷晓博, 李援农, 陈朋朋, 杨金宇, 李昱鹏. 播期和种植模式对冬小麦氮转运和产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2021, 50(10): 27-36.

Figures/Tables 5

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