河南农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 129-134.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.014

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同化学疏果剂对美八、粉红女士苹果疏除效果及果实品质的影响

聂琳，赵红亮，曹依静，孙昂，卢航，刘利民   

  1. （商丘市农林科学院，河南 商丘 476000）
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 接受日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-24
  • 通讯作者: 刘利民（1966-），男，河南永城人，研究员，硕士，主要从事果树育种和栽培研究。E-mail：sqtgyl@163.com
  • 作者简介:聂琳（1982-），女，河南永城人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事果树育种和栽培研究。E-mail：nielin07y@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家苹果产业技术体系项目（CARS-27）

Effects of Different Chemical Fruit Thinning Agents on Thinning and Fruit Quality of Meiba and Pink Lady Apple

NIE Lin，ZHAO Hongliang，CAO Yijing，SUN Ang，LU Hang，LIU Limin   

  1. （Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Shangqiu 476000，China）
  • Received:2025-01-10 Accepted:2025-02-28 Published:2025-06-15 Online:2025-06-24

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摘要： 为探究不同化学疏果剂对不同苹果品种疏除效果及果实品质的影响，采用5年生美八、粉红女士苹果品种为试材，设置7个处理：6-BA 0.1 g/L（T1）、6-BA 0.2 g/L（T2）、6-BA 0.3 g/L（T3）、西维因1.5 g/L（T4）、西维因2.0 g/L（T5）、西维因2.5 g/L（T6）处理，以喷清水为对照（CK）。结果表明，与CK相比，6-BA和西维因显著降低美八、粉红女士苹果花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、双果坐果比例，提高空台率、单果坐果比例和果实品质。其中，T3处理美八、粉红女士单果坐果比例分别显著提高46.28%、35.94%，花朵坐果率分别显著降低34.63%、41.50%，单果质量分别显著增加5.22%、5.16%，可溶性固形物含量分别显著提高6.75%、2.16%，可溶性糖含量显著增加9.06%、5.95%，对果实硬度影响不大；T6处理美八、粉红女士单果坐果率分别显著提高26.56%、19.95%，花朵坐果率分别显著降低22.48%、27.19%，单果质量分别显著增加3.70%、3.18%，可溶性固形物含量分别显著提高5.40%、2.82%，可溶性糖含量显著增加7.40%、7.58%，果实硬度分别显著降低2.88%、2.52%。综上，喷施6-BA 0.3 g/L、西维因2.5 g/L疏果效果较好，能显著降低美八和粉红女士苹果花朵坐果率、花序坐果率、双果坐果比例，提高空台率、单果坐果比例、果实品质。6-BA对苹果果实硬度影响不大，西维因能降低苹果果实硬度。

关键词: 苹果, 品种, 化学药剂, 疏果, 品质

Abstract: To study the thinning effect and fruit quality of different chemical fruit thinning agents on different apple varieties，five years old Meiba and Pink Lady apple varieties were used as test materials，seven treatments were set up，including 6‐BA 0.1 g/L（T1），6‐BA 0.2 g/L（T2），6‐BA 0.3 g/L（T3），carbaryl 1.5 g/L（T4），carbaryl 2.0 g/L（T5），carbaryl 2.5 g/L（T6），spraying water as a control.The results showed that，compared with control（CK），the treatment of 6‐BA and carbaryl significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower，fruit setting rate of inflorescence，double fruit setting ratio，increased empty bourse rate，single fruit setting rate and fruit qualities of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady.Compared with CK，T3 significantly increased single fruit setting rate by 46.28% and 35.94%，significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower by 34.63% and 41.50%，significantly increased single fruit weight by 5.22% and 5.16%，significantly increased soluble solids content by 6.75% and 2.16%，and significantly increased soluble sugar content by 9. 06% and 5. 95% of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady，but had little effects on fruit hardness. Compared with CK，T6 significantly increased single fruit setting rate by 26.56% and 19.95%，significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower by 22.48% and 27.19%，significantly increased single fruit weight by 3.70% and 3.18%，significantly increased soluble solids content by 5.40% and 2.82%，significantly increased soluble sugar content by 7.40% and 7.58%，and significantly decreased fruit hardness by 2.88% and 2.52% of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady. By comprehensive comparison，the spraying of 6‐BA 0.3 g/L and carbaryl 2.5 g/L were better for thinning fruits，which significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower，fruit setting rate of inflorescence，and double fruit setting ratio，and significantly increased empty bourse rate，single fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Meiba and Pink Lady. The spraying of 6‐BA had little effect on the hardness of Meiba and Pink Lady，while the spraying of carbaryl could reduce the hardness.

Key words: Apple, Variety, Chemical agent, Fruit thinning, Quality

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