卷丹鳞茎腐烂病株及种植土壤真菌多样性研究

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明药用百合基源植物卷丹发生鳞茎腐烂病后植株与土壤真菌群落结构的变化，解析卷丹鳞茎腐烂病的发生机制，采用分离培养方法鉴定了发生鳞茎腐烂病卷丹的可培养真菌及主要病原菌类群，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对比分析了发病土壤与健康土壤真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明，从卷丹病鳞上分离鉴定出273株可培养真菌，其中镰刀属为优势属，这些可培养真菌中共有8属14种具有致病性。发生鳞茎腐烂病卷丹种植土壤中链格孢属（Alternaria）、葡萄孢属（Botrytis）、镰刀属（Fusarium）、青霉属（Penicillium）、栓菌属（Trametes）5个病原菌属的相对丰度分别高出健康土壤0.025、0.006、0.132、0.078、0.002百分点。发病土壤真菌α-多样性高于健康土壤，β-多样性分析显示病土真菌群落结构与健康土壤存在差异。通过Lefse分析确定发病与健康土壤的特定标志物，结果显示，发病土壤的标志物包括头梗霉属（Cephaliophora）、念珠菌属（Candida）、瘤突毛壳菌（Chaetomium strumarium）等，健康土壤的标志物为油瓶霉属（Lecythophora）及其属下种。综上，卷丹种植土壤病原菌积累，真菌多样性与群落结构改变可能是鳞茎腐烂病发生的重要原因。

关键词: 卷丹, 鳞茎腐烂病, 病原菌, 真菌群落结构, 土壤健康

Abstract: To understand the fungal communities in rotten bulb and cultivated soil of Lilium lancifolium，as well as to explore the mechanism of bulb rot disease occurrence，the cultivable fungi and pathogenic isolates were identified through isolation and cultivation methods. The differences in fungal community between diseased and healthy soil were compared by using Illumina MiSeq high‑throughput sequencing.273 strains were isolated and identified from rotten bulb of Lilium lancifolium，with the dominant genus being Fusarium.Among them，eight genera and 14 species of fungi were found to be pathogenic to Lilium lancifolium bulb.Notably，the relative abundance of Alternaria，Botrytis，Fusarium，Penicillium，and Trametes was higher in diseased soil compared to healthy soil by 0.025，0.006，0.132，0. 078，and 0. 002 percent points，respectively. Moreover，fungal α‑diversity was higher in diseased soil，and β‑diversity analysis confirmed distinct fungal community structures between diseased and healthy soils.Lefse analysis revealed that Cephaliophora，Candida，Chaetomium strumarium，etc.were markers of diseased soil，whereas Leythophora and its species indicated healthy soil.Our findings suggest that the accumulation of pathogenic fungi in the soil，along with shifts in fungal diversity and community structure，might be the key reasons for the development of bulb rot disease in Lilium lancifolium.

Key words: Lilium lancifolium, Bulb rot, Pathogen, Fungal community structure, Soil health

中图分类号:

S432.4

陈星星, 邢琳, 杨梦琳, 刘豪惠玲, 张旭, 张嘉颀, 焦晓林. 卷丹鳞茎腐烂病株及种植土壤真菌多样性研究[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(8): 92-98.

CHEN Xingxing, XING Lin, YANG Menglin, LIU Haohuiling, ZHANG Xu, ZHANG Jiaqi, JIAO Xiaolin. Fungal Diversity in Rotten Bulb and Cultivated Soil of Lilium lancifolium[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(8): 92-98.

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