河南农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 28-36.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种方式对冬小麦群体光合特性、氮素积累转运及产量的影响

刘林业1,王壮壮2,谷丰序3,段剑钊3,王永华3   

  1. (1.商水县农业综合服务中心,河南 商水 466100;2.河南农业大学 资源与环境学院,河南 郑州 450046;3.河南农业大学 农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046)
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-25 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 王永华(1973-),男,河南商水人,研究员,博士,主要从事小麦高产优质高效栽培、生理生态与新品种、新技术研发工作。E-mail:wangyonghua@henau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘林业(1968-),男,河南商水人,高级农艺师,主要从事作物高产栽培与农技推广工作。E-mail:ssnynjz@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)

Effects of Seeding Methods on Population Photosynthetic Characteristics,Nitrogen Accumulation and Transport and Yield of Winter Wheat

LIU Linye1,WANG Zhuangzhuang2,GU Fengxu3,DUAN Jianzhao3,WANG Yonghua3   

  1. (1.Shangshui County Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Shangshui 466100,China;2.College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;3.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
  • Received:2024-06-25 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-11-18

摘要: 引进河南农业大学机电工程学院研制的冬小麦双宽双压带状播种机,设置常规等行距机械条播(CS)、宽幅机械条播(WS)、双宽双压带状播种(DDS)3种播种方式,研究不同播种方式对冬小麦群体光合特性、氮素积累转运和产量的影响,旨在明确适宜于豫东南黏壤潮土麦田的播种方式,为该区冬小麦播种质量提升和农机农艺融合的高产高效生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明,与CS处理相比,WS和DDS处理均提高了孕穗期后叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、群体光合速率,花前氮素转运量,花后氮素积累量,并显著提高了穗数、穗粒数和产量,尤其是DDS处理,2个处理2个年度分别平均增产6.94%和12.68%。综上,WS和DDS处理能有效提高冬小麦群体光合性能,促进氮素积累转运,实现增产,以DDS处理最优,可作为豫东南黏壤潮土区冬小麦的适宜播种方式。

关键词: 冬小麦, 播种方式, 群体光合特性, 氮素积累转运, 产量

Abstract: The winter wheat double⁃width and double⁃pressure strip seeder developed by College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering of Henan Agricultural University was introduced,and three sowing methods,namely conventional equal row space mechanical strip seeding(CS),wide⁃width mechanical strip seeding(WS)and double⁃width and double⁃pressure strip seeding(DDS),were set up to study the effects of different sowing methods on population photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen accumulation and transport and yield of winter wheat.The aim of this study was to define the suitable sowing method for wheat field with the clay tidal soil in southeastern Henan Province,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of winter wheat sowing quality and the high yield and efficient production of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration in this area.The results showed that compared with CS treatment,WS and DDS treatments increased leaf area index,chlorophyll content,population photosynthetic rate after booting,nitrogen translocation amount before anthesis,nitrogen accumulation after anthesis,and significantly increased panicle number,grain number per spike and yield,especially DDS treatment,with an average increase of 6.94% and 12.68% in 2 years for WS and DDS treatments,respectively.In conclusion,WS and DDS treatments can effectively improve the population photosynthetic performance of winter wheat,promote nitrogen accumulation and transport,and achieve increase of yield.DDS treatment is the best,and can be used as a suitable sowing method for winter wheat in the moist soil region of southeast Henan Province.

Key words: Winter wheat, Seeding method, Population photosynthetic characteristic, Nitrogen accumulation and transport, Yield

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