河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 65-72.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.03.008

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

地表覆盖对茶树冻害及茶园地温时空变化的影响

余跑兰1,孙永明1,吴艳1,肖小军1,林小兵1,周莺1,汪海鸿2   

  1. (1. 江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌330046;2. 婺源县蚺城街道办事处农业综合服务站,江西 婺源 333200)
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-18 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 孙永明(1981-),男,江西新干人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事茶树栽培研究。E-mail:sym19811122@163.com
  • 作者简介:余跑兰(1986-),女,江西余干人,工程师,硕士,主要从事茶树栽培研究。E-mail:875855206@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划项目(2018IBBF60032);江西省茶叶产业技术体系项目(JXARS-02)

Effects of Overwintering Mulching on Freezing Injury of Tea Plant and Spatio⁃Temporal Variation of Soil Temperature in Tea Plantation

YU Paolan1,SUN Yongming1,WU Yan1,XIAO Xiaojun1,LIN Xiaobing1,ZHOU Ying1,WANG Haihong2   

  1. (1.Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang 330046,China;2.Rancheng Office Comprehensive Agricultural Service Station of Wuyuan County,Wuyuan 333200,China)
  • Received:2021-09-18 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-05-20

摘要: 为探究地表不同覆盖物对茶树低温冻害及茶园地温时空变化的影响,指导茶农有效开展冻害预防,采用稻草、白膜、防草布3种材料对茶园地表进行覆盖,同时以不覆盖为对照,比较极端低温下茶园土壤温度时空变化和茶树冻害的发生情况,分析地表最低温度、日较差、低温持续时间与茶树受冻率之间的相关性。结果表明,白膜、稻草、防草布覆盖均能提高土壤地表最低温度,比对照分别高2.9、2.6、0.9℃,减轻茶树受冻程度,覆白膜和稻草处理的茶树受冻率均显著低于对照和覆防草布处理。覆白膜具有增温作用,能提高不同深度土壤的最低温度和最高温度,使其较对照分别平均提高1.0~2.9℃和1.0~4.7 ℃,增温效果大于覆盖其他材料;覆稻草具有高温时降温和低温时升温的双向调控作用,增加了同一深度土壤温度的稳定性,日较差最小,降温效果最好;覆防草布降温不如覆稻草,增温不如覆白膜。地温时空变化主要体现在表层土壤,地下土壤与表层土壤相比温度变化趋于平缓;沿着土壤深度方向,土壤温度峰值出现的时间延后。茶树受冻率与地表平均最低温度、地表温度<0 ℃最长持续时间呈显著相关,与地表温度<4 ℃最长持续时间呈极显著相关,地表温度<0 ℃不是茶树受冻的临界温度,当茶园地表温度0~4 ℃,持续时间大于7 d且日持续时间大于13.5 h,茶树仍可发生冻害。因此,从预防茶园低温冻害考虑,覆盖材料推荐使用白膜和稻草;从保持土壤温度的稳定性考虑,推荐使用稻草。

关键词: 茶园, 地表覆盖, 低温冻害, 地温, 时空变化

Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of different surface mulching on low temperature freezing injury of tea plant,in order to guide tea farmers to effectively prevent freezing injury.The three materials including rice straw,white film and grass⁃proof cloth were used to mulch the surface of tea plantation,and no mulch was used as the control(CK),the spatio⁃temporal variation of soil temperature and the occurrence of tea plant freezing injury were compared,and then,the relationships between minimum surface temperature,daily range,duration time of low temperature and freezing rate of tea plant were anaylzed. The results showed that,compared with CK,the soil surface minimum temperatures mulched with white film,rice straw and grass⁃proof cloth were increased by 2.9,2.6,0.9℃;the freezing rates of tea plant mulched with white film and rice straw were significantly lower than CK and mulched with grass⁃proof cloth. White film mulching could increase the minimum and maximum soil temperature at different depths averagely by 1.0—2.9℃,1.0—4.7℃ compared with CK due to warming effect,and the warming effect was greater than other mulch materials. The rice straw mulching had a bidirectional regulation effect of decreasing high temperature and increasing low temperature,which increased the stability of soil temperature at the same depth. Among all the treatments,the daily range was the smallest and the cooling effect was the best in rice straw mulching.The cooling effect of grass⁃proof cloth mulching was lower than rice straw mulching,and its heating effect was lower than the white film mulching.The spatio⁃temporal variation of soil temperature was mainly reflected in the surface soil,and the temperature variation of underground soil was more gentle than that of surface soil.The peak time of soil temperature was delayed along with the increasing of soil depth.The freezing rate of tea plant was significantly correlated with the lowest mean surface temperature and the longest duration time of the surface temperature less than 0.Furthermore,the freezing rate of tea plant was extremely significantly correlated with the longest duration time of the surface temperature less than 4 ℃ .The surface temperature less than 0℃ was not the critical temperature of freezing for tea plant. When the surface temperature of tea plantation was from 0 to 4℃,the duration time was more than 7 d,and the daily duration time was more than 13.5 h,the tea plant could suffer from freezing.Therefore,white film and rice straw are recommended as mulching materials for preventing low temperature freezing injury in tea plantation. Moreover,rice straw is recommended for maintaining the stability of soil temperature.

Key words: Tea plantation, Surface mulching, Low temperature freezing injury, Soil temperature, Spatio?temporal variation

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