关键词: 对开蕨, 配子体, 精子器, 颈卵器, 假根, Cd²⁺胁迫, Pb²⁺胁迫

Abstract: In order to clarify the effect of heavy metal pollution on the growth and development of gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica，and explore the internal causes of the endangered Phyllitis japonica，the gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica were used as materials，the gametophytes of Phyllitis japonica were cultured with different concentrations of Cd²⁺（0. 2，0. 4，0. 8 mg/kg）and Pb²⁺（20，40，80 mg/kg）under single factor stress，the morphology and structure of gametophytes were observed by optical microscope，and the appearance time of cordate prothallus，antheridia and archegonia，as well as the changes in the number of antheridia，archegonia and so on were recorded. The results showed that，Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ had no significant effect on antheridia appearance time，but had significant effect on cordate prothallus appearance time，archegonia appearance time and the number of antheridia，archegonia，pseudo⁃root and trichomes in the gametophyte of Phyllitis japonica. Under 0. 4 mg/kgCd²⁺ ，40 mg/kg Pb²⁺ stress，chloroplast of gametophyte of Phyllitis japonica turned yellow，and chloroplast dissolution was also observed. Under 0. 4 mg/kg Cd²⁺，40 mg/kg Pb²⁺ stress，the cell wall of the antheridia appeared yellow and damaged，and the discharged sperm also appeared yellow.Under 0. 2 mg/kg Cd²⁺ stress，the archegonia turned yellow gradually from the top to the bottom，while under the stress of 20 mg/kg Pb²⁺，the archegonia turned yellow gradually from the bottom to the top. Under 0. 8 mg/kg Cd²⁺，80 mg/kg Pb²⁺ stress，the pseudo⁃root got brown and bent，and under 80 mg/kg Pb²⁺stress，pseudo⁃root leakage occurred. 0. 2 mg/kg Cd²⁺ and 20 mg/kg Pb²⁺stress had little effect on the gametophyte growth，but with the increase of Cd²⁺and Pb²⁺content，the gametophyte growth of Phyllitis japonica was affected more，and their morphological structure changed seriously.

Key words: Phyllitis japonica；Gametophyte；Antheridia；Archegonia；Pseudo?root；Cd²⁺ stress；Pb^2+ , stress