Effect of Water and Nitrogen Application Strategies on Annual Yield and Water Use of Wheat and Maize

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.12.002

Abstract

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N fertilizer topdressing ratio(A1:30%,A2:40%;240 kg/ha N for wheat,270 kg/ha N for maize) combined with three irrigation rates[B1—B3:0,2,3 times during the growth stage of wheat and maize respectively;450 m³/(ha·time) for wheat and maize] on soil water storage,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,annual yield and water use under irrigation with sprinkler belt,so as to determine reasonable N fertilizer topdressing ratio and irrigation amount for wheat and maize.The results showed that with the increase of irrigation rate,the soil water storage increased at heading stage and filling stage of wheat,filling stage and harvest stage of maize,while the soil water storage showed a decreasing trend at the harvest stage of wheat. More nitrogen fertilizer supply in the early stage of wheat was more beneficial to improve the photosynthetic rate,while moderate drought stress was more beneficial to improve leaf water use efficiency.With the increase of irrigation rate,the yield and water use efficiency of wheat increased at first and then decreased,while the biomass and 1 000-grain weight increased.A1B2 treatment had the highest wheat grain yield of 8 207.8 kg/ha,water use efficiency of 26.7 kg/(mm·ha) and irrigation use efficiency of 1.42 kg/m³.For maize,A2B2 treatment had the highest yield,while the water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency of A1B3 treatment were the highest.The order of annual water consumption of wheat and maize was A1<A2.The annual yield of wheat and maize of A2B2 treatment was the highest,while the annual water use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency of A1B3 treatment were all the highest.

Key words: Wheat, Maize, Water and nitrogen application strategy, Annual yield, Annual water use

摘要： 在田间试验条件下，采用喷灌带进行灌水，研究不同氮肥基追比（A1：70%基施、30%追施；A2：60%基施、40%追施；小麦季施纯氮240 kg/hm²，玉米季施纯氮270 kg/hm²）和不同灌水量（B1：0次；B2：2次；B3：3次；小麦季和玉米季每次的灌水量均为450 m³/hm²）对小麦、玉米生长过程中土壤储水量、光合生理特性、产量和水分利用等的影响，以期明确小麦、玉米合理的氮肥追施比例和灌水量。结果表明，随灌水量增加，小麦抽穗期、灌浆期及玉米灌浆期、收获期土壤储水量总体呈增加趋势，小麦收获期土壤储水量呈降低趋势。小麦前期氮肥供应较多更有利于光合速率的提高，而适度干旱更有利于叶片水分利用效率的提高。随着灌水量的增加，小麦产量和水分利用效率均先增加后降低，而生物量和千粒质量均增加。不同处理中，小麦产量、水分利用效率和灌水利用率均以A1B2处理最高，分别为8 207.8 kg/hm²、26.7 kg/(mm·hm²)和1.42 kg/m³。对玉米而言，A2B2处理产量最高，A1B3处理水分利用效率和灌水利用率最高。小麦、玉米的周年耗水量表现为A1<A2；A2B2处理小麦、玉米周年产量最高，A1B3处理周年水分利用效率和灌水利用率最高。

关键词: 小麦, 玉米, 水氮运筹, 周年产量, 周年水分利用

CLC Number:

S512.1
S513

YANG Yonghui, WU Jicheng, XU Weixia, PAN Xiaoying, ZHANG Jiemei, GAO Cuimin, HE Fang, WANG Yue. Effect of Water and Nitrogen Application Strategies on Annual Yield and Water Use of Wheat and Maize[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 48(12): 8-14.

杨永辉, 武继承, 徐为霞, 潘晓莹, 张洁梅, 高翠民, 何方, 王越. 水氮运筹对小麦、玉米周年产量及水分利用的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2019, 48(12): 8-14.

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