In order to clarify the distribution and biological characteristics of volunteer wheat in the main wheat producing areas in central and eastern China,a seven-level visual inspection method was used to investigate the volunteer wheat in 42 suvey samples of Henan,Hebei and Shanxi and other four provinces,and the morphological characteristics of volunteer wheat were clarified through morphological observations.The evaluation of the incidence and infringement value of volunteer wheat showed that the frequency of volunteer wheat in different provinces was 50.3%—92.1%,and the average infringement value of different sample sites in individual provinces was 16.3%—51.0%.The analysis of the morphology and biological characteristics of the volunteer wheat showed that the spikes of the volunteer wheat were divided into short awn,long awn and no awn. The grain color of the volunteer wheat was mainly dark red,and the average grain size was smaller than that of cultivated wheat. The stalks of the volunteer wheat seedling were red and purple,and the plant height of volunteer wheat was 30.0%—135.7% higher than that of cultivated wheat.The spike length of most of the volunteer wheat was smaller than that of cultivated wheat,and the number of tillers and grains per spike were different from cultivated wheat.The thousand-grain quality of volunteer wheat was 22.6%—42.4% lower than that of cultivated wheat.The stem diameter was obviously smaller than that of cultivated wheat.The invasion of volunteer wheat seriously affects the growth of cultivated wheat,so investigation of volunteer wheat will help to control it and improve the yield and quality of cultivated wheat.