In order to understand the diversity of cultivable rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria associated with Miscanthus,strains with different colony morphologies were isolated using the dilution plate counting method and their plant growth-promoting activities were tested. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that 86 strains could be categorized into 4 phyla (Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria),7 classes,and 22 genera.The bacterial community compositions in the rhizosphere and plant tissues were different from each other.The dominant genus Curtobacterium was found to be well adapted to the rhizosphere,as well as to the root,stem and leaf.The dominant genera in the rhizosphere were Bacillus and Rhizobium,that in the root was Burkholderia,and in the stem was Sphingomonas.Plant growth-promoting activities analyses indicated that most strains displayed plant growth-promoting effects including IAA-production,phosphorus-solubilization,and arginine decarboxylaseproduction,and that the dominant plant growth-promoting bacteria were Curtobacterium,Rhizobium,Bacillus,Burkholderia and Sphingomonas.Plant growth-promoting activities and bacterial community composition were different between rhizosphere and plant endospheres.