To compare nutritional composition and quality difference between black and white sesame,317 local sesame resources in China were collected.The contents of oil,protein,fatty acids,amino acids,sesamin and sesamolin of sesame were determined and the correlations among the different component contents of these varieties were preliminarily analyzed.The results showed that the contents of fatty acids and amino acids of different sesame varied widely.The contents of oil,protein,sesamin and sesamolin in black and white sesame seeds were significantly different.Sesamin and sesamolin contents in white sesame variety were significantly higher than those in black sesame variety,and the correlation between sesamin content and sesamolin content in black variety was significantly higher than that in white variety.Arginine and glutamic acid were dominant in both colors of sesame and the content of isoleucine, leucine,phenylalanine and lysine in black sesame was significantly higher than that in white sesame.Oil content in sesame was significantly positively correlated with sesamin content and significantly negatively correlated with arachidic acid content in both colors of sesame.As the main saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid content was significantly positively correlated with oleic acid and arachidic acid contents,and significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content in sesame.There were great differences of sesame quality in different color varieties.The oil content of sesame seeds is significantly positively correlated with sesamin content,so simultaneous improvement of sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents can be realized to promote the cultivation of new sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents.