The genetic diversity and genetic distance of three local chicken breeds in Jiangxi Province were studied,which would provide a genetic basis for the rational utilization of genetic resources and the protection of germplasm resources in poultry populations in Jiangxi Province.In this paper,the genetic diversity of 25 SNPs selected from chromosome 1 was detected by flight mass spectrometry in Ningdu yellow chicken,White-eared yellow chicken,and Anyi tile-like gray chicken(463 individuals).The allelic frequency,apparent heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content(PIC),and Nei’s standard genetic distance between populations were calculated for each SNP locus.The results showed that the average effective allele number (Ne),He and PIC of all loci in the three populations were 1.636,0.367 and 0.291,respectively.The average Ne,He and PIC of the White-eared yellow chicken were the highest (1.684,0.387 and 0.303);the average Ne,He and PIC of the Anyi tile-like gray chicken were the lowest (1.562,0. 328 and 0.262).The genetic distance and systematic clustering results showed that the genetic similarity of the three groups was relatively high.Two groups of Anyi gray chicken and White-eared yellow chicken were clustered into one group,and Ningdu yellow chicken was a single group.