In order to explore new germplasms and develop new varieties of soybean with low phosphorus(P) tolerance,a low phosphorus tolerant genetic population with 247 lines was used in this study.Nine traits related to low P tolerance including plant height,root length,fresh weight of root,dry weight of root,fresh weight of shoot,dry weight of shoot,root/ shoot ratio,phosphorus content and utilization efficiency of root were studied under different P treatment conditions. The characteristics of the tested lines resistance to low phosphorus were evaluated and elite germplasms were screened. The results showed that among the nine tested traits,except for plant height,there were(extremely) significant differences between different P treatments and between different materials,indicating that the low phosphorus treatment was effective and the adaptabilities of lines were different.Then these eight characteristics were transformed into two comprehensive indexes through the principal component analysis method,and the comprehensive evaluation values(D value) of 274 lines were calculated.Finally,the 247 lines were divided into 3 groups,low P tolerant-,intermediate- and sensitive-group. In addition,14 elite germplasms including ZN-251,ZN-299 and ZN-229 were selected for their high tolerance to low P stress.