The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to β-lactamide antibiotics. In recent years,with the widespread use of cephalosporins,the spread of CTX-M ESBLs has become strong,causing popularity and spread in many countries and regions.It has gradually become the main type of ESBLs epidemic in many countries,and poses a great threat to human and animal health. In view of this,the discovery,species,biochemical characteristics,epidemiology and therapeutic measures of this enzyme strain in recent years are reviewed in this paper.The gene mutation,transfer,translocation factors and genetic environment of gene transfer of this enzyme strain are summarized,so as to provide references for the control of multidrug-resistant enzyme-producing bacteria.