Abstract: MicroRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of non‑coding RNAs encoded by endogenous genes，about 22 nt，which are key regulators of gene expression and participate in a series of important biological processes in organisms.Most DNA viruses encode miRNA，including baculovirus. The baculovirus consists of double‑stranded circular DNA，can specifically infect insects of Lepidoptera，Hymenoptera and Diptera，and has been widely used in agricultural pest control and biological research.The biosynthesis and functional mechanism of miRNAs were introduced in the paper，and virus‑ and host‑encoded miRNAs after baculovirus infection of hosts and the functions of miRNAs in the process of baculovirus infection were reviewed，which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of baculovirus insecticides.

Key words: miRNA, Baculovirus, Insect host, Insect?baculovirus interaction, Gene regulation

摘要： MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类由内源基因编码的非编码RNA，约22 nt，是基因表达的关键调节因子，参与生物体中一系列重要的生物学过程。大多数DNA病毒编码miRNA，包括杆状病毒。杆状病毒由双链环状DNA组成，能特异性感染鳞翅目、膜翅目和双翅目等昆虫，在农业害虫防治和生物学研究中广泛应用。介绍了miRNA的生物合成和作用机制，并综述了杆状病毒感染宿主后病毒和昆虫宿主编码的miRNA以及其在杆状病毒侵染过程中的功能，为杆状病毒杀虫剂的研发和应用提供理论依据。

关键词: 微小RNA, 杆状病毒, 昆虫宿主, 昆虫-杆状病毒互作, 基因调控