以紫美石榴种子为试验材料，用秋水仙素溶液浸泡诱导多倍体，并对诱变材料进行倍性鉴定和评价。结果表明：0.3%秋水仙素处理萌发石榴种子24 h诱导效果最好，四倍体诱导率为1.11%；二倍体染色体数目为2n=2x=16，四倍体染色体数目为2n=4x=32；二倍体和四倍体植株叶片、花、果实主要性状差异均达到极显著水平，四倍体的叶片气孔、叶片、花变大，叶绿素含量增加，果皮增厚以及籽粒百粒质量增加，而籽粒颜色变浅和变硬；四倍体萌芽期、始花期、成熟期和落叶期均晚于二倍体。综合认为，四倍体紫美石榴可作为育种新材料加以评价利用。

This research was conducted to induce pomegranate polyploidy by colchicine,identify ploidy,and evaluate the mutagenic material.During the experiment,seeds of the Zimei pomegranate were soaked in colchicine solution for different hours.The results indicated that the induction was the best when germinated pomegranate seeds were treated with 0.3% colchicine for 24 hours. With this treatment,the inducing rate of tetraploid reached 1.11%.The chromosome number of diploid was 2n=2x=16.The chromosome number of tetraploid was 2n=4x=32.The main characteristics(leaves,flowers and fruits) showed significant difference between the diploid and tetraploid plants.Compared to diploid,tetraploid had larger leaves,bigger stomata,larger flowers,higher chlorophyll content,thicker fruit peel and greater hundred grain weight,but lighter seed color and harder seeds.The periods of budding,flowering,maturing and leaves dropping of tetraploid were later than diploid.The tetraploid of Zimei pomegranate can be used or evaluated as a new material for breeding.