河南农业科学 >

2020 , Vol. 49 >Issue 1: 9 - 17

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.01.002

作物栽培·遗传育种

不同夏玉米品种氮素积累利用的差异及其水氮调控效应

  • 张美微 ,
  • 刘京宝 ,
  • 乔江方 ,
  • 李川 ,
  • 黄 璐 ,
  • 张盼盼 ,
  • 赵霞 ,
  • 刘卫星 ,
  • 牛军
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  • 1.河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，河南 郑州 450002；2.河南省科学技术发展战略研究所，河南 郑州 450002
张美微(1986-)，女，河南林州人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事玉米栽培生理研究。E-mail:zhangmeiwei1986@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-07-05

  网络出版日期: 2020-01-15

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301102,2017YFD0300407,2018YFD0300702,2018YFD0200605)；国家自然科学基金项目（31701368）；河南省农业科学院2019年度自主创新基金项目(2019ZC07)

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The Variance of Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization in Different Summer Maize Cultivars and Its Response to Irrigation and Nitrogen Regulation

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  • (1.Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Henan Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

Received date: 2019-07-05

  Online published: 2020-01-15

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摘要

为探明不同夏玉米品种氮素积累利用的差异及其对水氮调控的响应特征，以黄淮海地区主栽11个夏玉米品种为材料，在大田条件下开展水氮处理［自然降雨（W0）和灌水处理（W1）; 不施氮（0 kg/hm2 N，N0）、低氮水平（150 kg/hm2 N，N1）和正常施氮（225 kg/hm2 N，N2）］对不同夏玉米品种氮素积累、转运、吸收和利用的影响研究。结果表明，不同夏玉米品种在氮素积累、转运、吸收和利用方面均存在显著差异，其中氮肥利用效率的变异系数最大，为20.97%。以氮肥利用效率为依据进行聚类分析将11个夏玉米品种分为高（H）、中（M）、低（L）氮肥利用效率3类氮效型。水氮措施对夏玉米氮素积累和利用具有显著影响，且H型和M型品种较L型品种对水氮环境具有更强的稳定性。灌水和施氮均显著提高了3类夏玉米品种的植株氮素积累量，且L型品种对灌水处理的响应最大；H型和M型品种在W1N2处理下植株氮素积累量最高，而L型品种在W1N1处理下最高。灌水和施氮总体上增加了营养器官氮素转运量，但降低了氮素转运效率及其对籽粒的贡献率和氮素收获指数。水氮措施显著影响氮素吸收效率，且3类品种均以W1N1处理最高。因此，适当减少氮肥施用并配以合理的灌溉是提高夏玉米氮素吸收利用的有效途径。

关键词： 夏玉米; 品种; 氮素积累利用; 水氮调控

本文引用格式

张美微 , 刘京宝 , 乔江方 , 李川 , 黄 璐 , 张盼盼 , 赵霞 , 刘卫星 , 牛军 . 不同夏玉米品种氮素积累利用的差异及其水氮调控效应[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020 , 49(1) : 9 -17 . DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.01.002

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted to research the coupling effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on accumulation,transport,uptake and utilization of nitrogen in eleven summer maize cultivars,in order to explore the different responses of nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization to irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer among different maize cultivars.The two irrigation treatments were natural rainfall without irrigation(W0) and irrigation at flare opening stage and silking stage(W1),with 75 mm irrigation amount each.The three nitrogen fertilizer applications were 0 kg/ha(N0),150 kg/ha(N1) and 225 kg/ha(N2).The results showed that there were significant differences among different cultivars in nitrogen accumulation,transport,uptake and utilization.Variable coefficient of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency(NUE)obtained the highest value of 20.97% among all parameters.It revealed the great significance of screening and cultivating high NUE cultivar.In order to study the response of maize cultivars with different NUE,eleven cultivars were classified into three classes by cluster analysis according to NUE. Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application increased nitrogen accumulation of three types of cultivars significantly.H-NUE and M-NUE cultivars had stronger stability to water and nitrogen condition than L-NUE cultivar.The highest plant nitrogen accumulation of H-NUE and M-NUE cultivars were obtained in the treatment of W1N2,while that of L-NUE cultivar was obtained in the treatment of W1N1.Irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrogen remobilization amount,while decreased the nitrogen translocation efficiency,nitrogen translocation contribution proportion and nitrogen harvest index.It also significantly influenced the nitrogen uptake efficiency of three types of cultivars,which reached the highest in W1N1 treatment.These indicate that appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application with rational irrigation is an effective way to improve nitrogen uptake and utilization of summer maize.

Key words： Summer maize; Cultivar; Nitrogen accumulation and utilization; Irrigation and nitrogen regulation

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