产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）是细菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素最重要的耐药机制。近年来，随着抗菌药物尤其是头孢菌素类药物在临床的广泛应用，CTX-M型ESBLs菌株的蔓延势头愈发强劲，在许多国家和地区流行与传播，逐渐成为ESBLs流行的主要类型，给人类和动物的健康带来了很大威胁。鉴于此，就近年来CTX-M型ESBLs的发现、种类、生化特性、流行特点及治疗措施等方面进行综述，并对CTX-M型ESBLs基因的突变、转移及与之相关的转位因子、基因转移的遗传背景等方面进行综述，以期为产酶多重耐药菌的控制提供参考。

The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) is the main mechanism of bacterial resistance to β-lactamide antibiotics. In recent years,with the widespread use of cephalosporins,the spread of CTX-M ESBLs has become strong,causing popularity and spread in many countries and regions.It has gradually become the main type of ESBLs epidemic in many countries,and poses a great threat to human and animal health. In view of this,the discovery,species,biochemical characteristics,epidemiology and therapeutic measures of this enzyme strain in recent years are reviewed in this paper.The gene mutation,transfer,translocation factors and genetic environment of gene transfer of this enzyme strain are summarized,so as to provide references for the control of multidrug-resistant enzyme-producing bacteria.