猪细小病毒（Porcine parvovirus,PPV）是猪繁殖障碍最常见和最重要的病原之一。一直以来，人们认为PPV的遗传变异性很低，通过接种疫苗可以很好地控制该病毒的传播。然而，该病毒的多样性比预期的要大得多，并且一些新出现的强毒株不能被经典PPV疫苗株的抗血清有效中和，导致免疫失败。通过总结PPV研究的最新成果，全面更新对PPV生物学的理解，揭示在选择压力下，PPV新毒株出现的潜在风险及其对养猪业的危害，旨在为制定PPV的有效防控策略提供参考。

 Porcine parvovirus(PPV) is the most common and important infectious agents causing porcine reproductive failure．All the time，it was thought that PPV had low genetic variance，and its harmful effect on pig industry could be well-controlled by vaccination．However，subsequent studies found that the diver sity of PPV was much greater than previously anticipated． Some of the new highly virulent，which can’tbe neutralized effectively by antisera raised agains told classical PPV vaccine strains，were isolated．The pur pose of this review is to summarize the recent results of PPV research，update the present understanding of PPV biology，and reveal the potential risks of new PPV strains and their harm to pig industry under the pressure of selection，which will provide reference for formulating effective prevention and control strate gies of PPV．