作物栽培·遗传育种

有机无机复合保水材料对玉米苗期土壤水分及幼苗生长的影响

  • 余高 ,
  • 陈芬 ,
  • 谢英荷 ,
  • 赵晓东 ,
  • 郑海霞 ,
  • 谭杰斌
展开
  • (1.铜仁学院 农林工程与规划学院,贵州 铜仁 554300; 2.山西农业大学 资源与环境学院,山西 太谷 030801; 3.宁乡丰裕生物科技有限公司,湖南 宁乡 410600)
余 高(1988-),男,湖南益阳人,讲师,硕士,主要从事旱作农业节水技术研究。E-mail:httywwyu1014@sina.com

收稿日期: 2019-02-20

  网络出版日期: 2019-10-15

基金资助

公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200401);铜仁市科学技术局科技计划面上项目(2017TRS73751,2017TRS14378)

 Effects of Organic-Inorganic Superabsorbent Polymer Composites on Soil Moisture and Growth of Maize at Seedling Stage

Expand
  •  ( 1.College of A&F Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China; 2.College of Resource and Environment Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China; 3.Ningxiang Fengyu Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Ningxiang 410600,China)

Received date: 2019-02-20

  Online published: 2019-10-15

摘要

将聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、凹凸棒土(NA)、腐植酸(FA)和秸秆炭(CB)按不同比例混合组成T1(PAM∶NA∶FA∶CB=4∶3∶2∶1)、T2(PAM∶NA∶FA∶CB=4∶3∶1∶2)、T3(PAM∶NA∶FA∶CB=5∶2∶2∶1)、T4(PAM∶NA∶FA∶CB=5∶2∶1∶2)共4种处理,同时以不施保水材料处理为对照(CK),研究有机无机复合保水材料对玉米苗期土壤水分及幼苗生长的影响,以期为北方干旱、半干旱区玉米生产中保水剂的合理施用提供科学依据。结果表明,不同保水材料处理的土壤水分累积蒸发率总体上均显著低于CK,具体表现为T4<T3<T2<T1<CK,且各有机无机复合保水材料处理土壤水分累积蒸发率总体上均随着有机无机复合保水材料施用量的增加而降低;土壤含水率及玉米幼苗株高、叶面积、茎粗、干物质积累量均显著高于CK,均表现为T4>T3>T1>T2>CK。当有机无机复合保水材料施用量为0.013~0.053 g/kg时,施用量越高,土壤水分累积蒸发率越低,土壤含水率越高;施用量为0.053 g/kg时,对玉米幼苗长势具有明显的促进作用,此时,玉米幼苗株高、叶面积、茎粗以及干物质积累量均为最佳。总体上,当有机无机复合保水材料施用量为0.053 g/kg时,T4处理可以有效降低土壤水分累积蒸发率,提高玉米苗期的土壤含水率,促进玉米幼苗生长。

本文引用格式

余高 , 陈芬 , 谢英荷 , 赵晓东 , 郑海霞 , 谭杰斌 . 有机无机复合保水材料对玉米苗期土壤水分及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2019 , 48(10) : 23 -29 . DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2019.10.004

Abstract

To provide some scientific basis for the reasonable application of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites in corn production in the semi-arid,arid areas of northern China,the effects of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites[polyacrylamide(PAM) ,attapulgite(NA),humic acid( FA) ,straw biochar(CB) ]on soil moisture and growth of maize seedling were studied with five treatments including T1 (PAM∶ NA∶ FA∶ CB =4∶ 3∶ 2∶ 1),T2 (PAM∶ NA∶ FA∶ CB =4∶ 3∶ 1∶ 2),T3 (PAM∶ NA∶ FA∶ CB =5∶ 2∶ 2∶ 1) ,T4 (PAM∶ NA∶ FA∶ CB =5∶ 2∶ 1∶ 2) and the control (CK) without organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites.The results showed that all the composite treatments significantly decreased the cumulative evaporation rate of soil water compared with CK,the order was T4<T3<T2<T1<CK,and the cumulative evaporation rate of soil water decreased with the increase of application rate of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites.Soil moisture content,plant height,leaf area,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of maize seedling were significantly higher than CK,and the order was T4>T3>T1>T2>CK.When the application rate of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites was 0.013—0.053 g/kg,the cumulative evaporation rate of soil water decreased,the soil moisture content increased with the increase of application rate of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites.When the application rate of organic-inorganic superabsorbent polymer composites was 0.053 g/kg,the growth of maize seedling was obviously promoted,and the plant height,leaf area,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of maize seedling were the highest.These results suggested that the T4 treatment was a best way to reduce the cumulative evaporation of soil water,increase the soil moisture content,and promote the growth of corn seedling with the superabsorbert polymer composites of 0.053 g/kg.

参考文献

[1]张智郡,刘海军,张立伟,等.玉米生理生态指标及产量对不同生育期水分亏缺的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(4):9-17.

[2]程闯胜,任树梅,杨培岭,等.保水剂对大田雨养玉米水肥利用效率影响的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(6):141-144.

[3]NAZARLI H,ZARDASHTI M R.The effect of drought stress and super absorbent polymer (A200) on agronomical traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under field condition[J].Cercetri Agronomice n Moldova,2010,43(3):5-14.

[4]SOJKA R E,BJORNEBERG D L,ENTRY J A,et al.Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management[J].Advances in Agronomy,2007,92:75-162.

[5]于明英,晏清洪,肖娟,等.保水剂对基质育苗及沙培小油菜生长的影响[J].节水灌溉,2018(1):30-32,37.

[6]LI X,HE  J,HUGHES J,et al.Effects of superabsorbent polymers on a soilwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in the field[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,73:58-63.

[7]杜建军,阚玉景,黄帮裕,等.水肥调控技术及其功能性肥料研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,

23(6):1631-1641.

[8]JING D,XING S,LIU F,et al.Border irrigation coapplied with super absorbent polymers improving soil physical characteristics and increasing microbial activity in poplar forest[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):116-122.

[9]井大炜,王明友,马海林,等.畦灌与保水剂配施对杨树根际土壤微环境特征及生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):62-70.

[10]AKHTER J,MAHMOOD K,MALIK K A,et al.Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley,wheat and chickpea[J].Plant Soil and Environment,2004,50(10):463-469.

[11]黄伟,张俊花,朱贵鹏,等.保水剂不同施用方式对马铃薯生长和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):1-8.

[12]熊建,王忠波,张忠+学,等.保墒措施和调亏灌溉对寒区春玉米生长及产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(2):6-15.

[13]荣俊冬,凡莉莉,陈礼光,等.不同用量保水剂对沿海沙地麻竹生理特征的影响[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(2):323-329.

[14]李佳,刘立云,李艳,等.保水剂对干旱胁迫槟榔幼苗生理特征的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(1):104-108.

[15]皇甫红芳,李荫藩,李刚,等.不同直径保水剂对土壤水分及燕麦生长的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(9):1480-1482.

[16]游诗尧,王荣,周海霞,等.不同保水固沙措施对沙培番茄生长和基质环境的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(9):106-113.

[17]王楠,包岩,姚凯,等.减量施肥条件下腐植酸保水剂对玉米产量及白浆土养分含量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(11):52-59.

[18]邓秀峰,李兴佐,马云飞,等.保水剂CLP对土壤保肥性的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(1):81-83,134.

[19]王荣,刘吉青,周海霞,等.生物有机肥与保水剂对设施连作黄瓜生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(8):45-53.

[20]刘丽珠,卢信,范如芹,等.保水剂垫料栽培基质对番茄生理指标及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(7):1242-1248.

[21]余高,陈芬,谢英荷,等.有机-无机复合保水材料对旱地麦田土壤水分及酶活性的影响[J].节水灌溉,

2018(10):9-13.

[22]程红胜,沈玉君,孟海波,等.生物炭基保水剂对土壤水分及油菜生长的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(2): 86-92.

[23]张丽华,边少锋,孙宁,等.保水剂不同粒型及施用量对玉米产量和光合性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,

25(1):153-156.

[24]侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂施用量对旱作土壤理化性质及马铃薯生长的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):325-330.

[25]潘勇刚,秦嘉海,王爱勤,等.保水剂不同施用量对土壤蓄水量和制种玉米经济效益的影响[J].种子科技,2012,30(6):27-29.

[26]于乐,郄志红,吴鑫淼,等.新型液体保水剂对冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(07):1-5.

[27]闫永利,魏占民,任秀苹,等.保水剂对土壤持水性影响及在不同土壤中效果比较[J].节水灌溉,2016(1):34-38.

[28]牛文全,邹小阳,刘晶晶,等.残膜对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响及不确定性分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):110-119.

[29]侯贤清,李荣,何文寿,等.保水剂对旱作马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(5):1016-1022.

[30]赵文举,豆品鑫,马孝义,等.覆砂条件下保水剂对土壤水分蒸发影响的研究[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(1):182-186.

[31]王猛,雷虹娟,高永,等.模拟降雨条件下保水剂对沙质土壤水分的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(1):96-100.

[32]马征,姚海燕,张柏松,等.保水剂对黏质潮土团聚体分布、稳定性及玉米养分积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(2):221-226.

[33]张蕊,耿桂俊,白岗栓.保水剂施用量对土壤水分和番茄生长的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(2):108-113.

[34]黄占斌,孙朋成,钟建,等.高分子保水剂在土壤水肥保持和污染治理中的应用进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):125-131.

文章导航

/

〈 〉