为快速获得并鉴定矮牵牛多倍体，采用5% NaClO消毒灭菌后，使用不同质量分数的秋水仙素处理矮牵牛野生品种(P.axillaris)种子，后转入MS培养基中萌发成苗，并使用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定。通过比较不同质量分数秋水仙素对多倍体诱导率的影响，确定最佳诱导方法。通过不同倍性矮牵牛初期表型差异的分析、气孔和叶绿素含量的测定，统计不同倍性矮牵牛的形态指标差异。结果表明，获得了纯合率较高的矮牵牛四倍体和八倍体。在保证存活率的同时，0.10%秋水仙素处理24 h后获得最高比例的4x(47.37%)和8x(21.05%)变异植株；适当延长处理时间(36 h)可增加8x倍性的诱导材料比例(33.33%)。不同倍性矮牵牛植株的形态、气孔和保卫细胞等方面存在以下规律：4x较2x变异植株的第1～2片真叶变圆，>第3片真叶后叶片形态相似；8x较4x和2x变异植株形态差异显著，表现为节间短、叶柄短、叶片肥厚多毛、叶色深绿和生长缓慢等特征；不同倍性矮牵牛的气孔和保卫细胞长度随着倍性的增加而近倍数增加，2x和4x气孔组织近圆形，但8x气孔和保卫细胞的宽度未按倍数增加而呈椭圆形。

In order to obtain and identify Petunia axillaris polyploid in a short time，this study used 5% NaClO to sterilize the seeds of P.axillaris and treated them with different concentrations of colchicine，and then transferred them to MS medium for germination.Ploidy identification was performed by flow cytome ter.The optimal induction program was determined by comparing the effects of different colchicine con centrations on the induction rate.According to the difference analysis of initial phenotype，stomata and chlorophyll，the difference of morphological indexes in P.axillaris ploidy was counted.The results showed that P.axillaris tetraploid and octoploid with higher homozygous rate were obtained.While ensuring the survival rate of the mutant plants，the highest proportions of 4x(47.37%) and 8x(21.05%) were ob tained after treatment with 0.10% colchicine for 24 hours.Prolonging treatment time(36 h) could in crease the proportion of induced material with 8x ploidy( 33.33%) .The morphology，stomata and guard cells of different P.axillaris ploidy had the following rules: 4x was more rounded than 2x mutant plants in the first to second true leaves，and the morphology was similar after the third true leaves; The morphology of 8x P.axillaris was significantly different，which was characterized by short internodes，short petiole， thick and hairy leaves，dark green leaves and slow growth; The stomata and guard cell lengths of different P.axillaris ploidy nearly multiplied with the increase of ploidy，2x and 4x stomatal tissues were nearly round，but 8x stomata and guard cells did not increase by fold in the width and became elliptical．