针对豫南稻茬麦区冬小麦面临的灌浆期高温胁迫问题，2015—2017年连续2 a开展播期试验，以探讨不同播期冬小麦产量及其与气象因子间的关系,为通过调整播期降低冬小麦灌浆期高温胁迫提供理论依据。结果表明，与其他播期相比，10月中旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期光水资源充足且日均温和日均相对湿度较低，10月下旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期光照比较充足，11月上旬以及中旬播种处理的冬小麦灌浆期日均温相对较高、日照时数较低。随着播期推迟，产量及其构成因素呈降低趋势，以10月中旬播种处理产量最高，较其他播期处理增产1.64%~129.61%，穗数增加3.06%~73.25%，千粒质量增加1.44%~24.98%，穗粒数增加5.62%~32.71%。通径分析显示，2 a间日均温和日均相对湿度对千粒质量和穗粒数均起负效应，日照时数对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应；2015—2016年气温日较差对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应，降雨量对穗粒数起负效应；2016—2017年气温日较差效应不明显，降雨量对千粒质量和穗粒数均起正效应。可知，限制冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数增加的主要气象因子为高温高湿，对冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数起正效应的主要气象因子为日照时数。综上，10月中旬和下旬播种的冬小麦灌浆期降雨量和日照时数充足、气温日较差大，对千粒质量和穗粒数的直接正效应大，缓解了高温高湿的负效应；11月上旬和11月中旬播种的冬小麦千粒质量和穗粒数受  高温高湿、阴雨寡照影响较大，且气温日较差较低，产量降低显著。

Aiming at high temperature stress problem at grain filling stage of post-paddy wheat in southern Henan，the winter wheat yield and its relationship with meteorological factors were studied under different sowing dates from 2015 to 2017，so as to find the suitable sowing date to avoid high temperature stress at grain filling stage.The results showed that compared with other sowing dates，the treatment with sowing date of mid October had lower mean daily temperature and mean daily relative humidity，but more sunshine and rainfall at grain filling stage; the treatment with sowing date of late October had more sunshine; the treatments with sowing date of early and mid November had higher temperature and less sunshine at grain filling stage.The grain yield and its components decreased with the postponement of sowing date，the yield of the treatment with sowing date of mid October was the highest，increased by 1.64%—129.61%，the spike number increased by 3.06%—73.25%，the 1 000-grain weight increased by 1.44%—24.98%，and the grain number per spike increased by 5.62%—32.71% compared with other treatments.The results of path analysis showed that the mean daily temperature and mean daily relative humidity had negative effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike，the sunshine hour had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike from 2015 to 2017.The diurnal temperature range had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike，but the rainfall had negative effect on grain number per spike from 2015 to 2016.The diurnal temperature range had no significant effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike，and the rainfall had positive effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike from 2016 to 2017.It could be seen that the main meteorological factors limiting the increase of 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike of winter wheat were high temperature and high humidity，and the main meteorological factor that had positive effect on the 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike of winter wheat was sunshine hour.In conclusion， the diurnal temperature range，rainfall and sunshine hour of the treatments with the sowing date of mid and late October were higher at grain filling stage，which had greater direct positive effects on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike，and relived the negative effect of high temperature and humidity.The temperature and humidity were high，and the sunshine hour and diurnal temperature range were low， which had higher negative effect on 1 000-grain weight and grain number per spike under the sowing date of early and mid November，so the yield significantly decreased．