河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (1): 88-100.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫下生物炭复合保水剂配施丛枝菌根真菌对烟草生长及土壤微环境的影响

郭晓琴1,李钦奎2,武广鹏3,张小全4   

  1. (1.郑州工程技术学院 食品与健康工程学院,河南 郑州 450044;2.中国烟草河南进出口有限责任公司,河南 郑州  450008;3.河南省烟草公司,河南 郑州 450046;4.河南农业大学 烟草学院,河南 郑州 450046)
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-11 接受日期:2025-10-01 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 作者简介:郭晓琴,副教授,硕士,主要从事植物抗逆生物技术研究。E-mail:n21357575791951739@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目(242102110288);中国烟草总公司河南省烟草公司科技攻关项目(2021410000240022)

Effect of Biochar Composite Super Absorbent Polymers Combined with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Tobacco Growth and Soil Microenvironment under Drought Stress

GUO Xiaoqin1,LI Qinkui2,WU Guangpeng3,ZHANG Xiaoquan4   

  1. (1.College of Food and Health Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450044,China;2.China Tobacco Henan IMP. & EXP.Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450008,China;3.Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450046,China;4. College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
  • Received:2025-08-11 Accepted:2025-10-01 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-29

摘要: 通过盆栽试验,探讨生物炭复合保水剂用量(0、2、4、8 g/盆,记为S0、S1、S2、S3)和接种丛枝菌根真菌[幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum,CE)、变形球囊霉(Glomus versiforme,GV)、摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,FM)和不接种对照(CK)]对干旱胁迫下豫烟5号烟草生长、根系构型参数以及土壤微环境的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,生物炭复合保水剂能促进丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对烟草根系的侵染,对菌根效应的发挥具有积极作用,二者联合施用具有协同增效作用,保水剂用量S2处理下接种FM处理的菌根侵染率最高(53.0%),泡囊数最多(15.3个/cm)。同一AMF接种处理下,随保水剂用量的增加,烟草生长指标和土壤理化指标(除土壤真菌和0.25~0.5 mm、<0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量外)整体上表现为先增后降趋势,且在保水剂用量S2处理下达到峰值。保水剂用量S2处理下,与S0CK处理相比,FM处理的烟草根系总长度、总投影面积、总体积、根尖数和根系活力分别增加78.7%、130.1%、141.0%、44.7%和83.9%,土壤真菌数量下降73.7%,细菌和放线菌数量分别增加134.8%和190.7%。干旱胁迫下接种AMF处理整体上能不同程度提高烟草根系土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和几丁质酶活性,保水剂用量S2处理下,与S0CK处理相比,FM处理的烟草土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和几丁质酶活性分别增加120.6%、94.9%、75.0%、200.0%、55.9%和75.0%。此外,接种AMF处理能不同程度提高烟草根围土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,增加烟草根系>2 mm、0.5~2 mm的土壤团聚体含量,对0.25~0.5 mm土壤团聚体含量影响无明显规律,降低<0.25 mm的土壤团聚体含量。综上,生物炭复合保水剂对植物具有正效应,可增加烟草生物量,促进AMF侵染,并可在一定程度上增强AMF对烟草生长和抗旱性的正效应,其中以保水剂用量为4 g/盆(S2)并配施FM对烟草抗旱性的效果最好。

关键词: 烟草, 保水剂, 丛枝菌根真菌, 根系构型, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Through pot experiments,the effects of the dosage of biochar composite super absorbent polymers(SAP)(0,2,4,8 g/pot,denoted as S0,S1,S2,S3)and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[Claroideoglomus etunicatum(CE),Glomus versiforme(GV),Funneliformes mossae(FM)and non inoculation control(CK)]on the growth,root configuration parameters,and soil microenvironment of Yuyan 5 tobacco under drought stress were investigated.The results showed that under drought stress,the SAP could promote the infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) on tobacco roots and had a positive effect on the mycorrhizal effect.The mycorrhizal infection rate was the highest(53.0%)and the number of vesicles was the highest(15.3 vesicles/cm)under the SAP dosage S2 treatment inoculated with FM.Under the same AMF inoculation treatment,with the increase of SAP dosage,tobacco growth indicators and soil physicochemical indicators(except for soil fungi,0.25—0.5mm,and <0.25 mm soil aggregate content)showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and reached their peak under the S2 SAP dosage treatment. Under the treatment of S2 SAP,compared to the treatment without adding SAP or inoculating with AMF,the total length,total projected area,total volume,root tip number,and root vitality of tobacco roots treated with FM increased by 78.7%,130.1%,141.0%,44.7%,and 83.9%,respectively.The number of soil fungi decreased by 73.7%,and the content of bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 134. 8% and 190.7%,respectively.Under drought stress,inoculation with AMF treatment could increase the activities of urease,cellulase,acid protease,acid phosphatase,sucrase,and chitinase in tobacco root soil to varying degrees.Compared to the treatment without adding SAP or inoculating with AMF,the FM treatment under S2 dosage increased the activities of urease,cellulase,acid protease,acid phosphatase,sucrase and chitinase activity in tobacco soil by 120.6%,94.9%,75.0%,200.0%,55.9% and 75.0%,respectively.In addition,inoculation with AMF treatment could increase the total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic matter content of tobacco rhizosphere soil to varying degrees,and increase the soil aggregate content of tobacco roots(>2 mm and 0.5—2 mm).There was no significant change in the soil aggregate content of 0.25—0.5 mm,but it reduced the soil aggregate content of <0.25 mm.In summary,biochar composite SAP has a positive effect on plants,which can increase tobacco biomass,promote AMF infection,and enhance the positive effect of AMF on tobacco growth and drought resistance to a certain extent.Among them,the best effect on tobacco drought resistance is achieved when the SAP dosage is 4 g/pot(S2)combined with FM.

Key words: Tobacco, Super absorbent polymer, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Root system configuration, Soil enzyme activities

中图分类号: