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Table of Content

    Reviews
    Research Progress on Present Situation of Heavy Metal Cadmium Pollution and Strategies to Reduce Cadmium in Ligusticum chuanxiong
    LIAO Xuemei, CHEN Yuanyuan, TAO Shan, SHA Xiufen, WU Yu, XU Zhengjun, ZHANG Chao, PENG Fang
    2020, 49(10):  1-11.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.001
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1250KB) ( )  
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    Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.is a famous Dao-di herb in Sichuan,due to its high concentration of cadmium,the safety and effectiveness of its medicinal quality have attracted much attention.How to reduce the cadmium content in the Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.has became one of the keys to the development of the Ligusticum chuanxiong industry.The paper described the cadmium pollution situation of Ligusticum chuanxiong and the law of cadmium absorption and accumulation,and then emphatically analyzed the influence factors of cadmium pollution of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.and the measures to reduce the cadmium content.Under the condition that the soil remediation technology cannt realize the production of Ligusticum chuanxiong safely,in a short time,suggesting that the cultivar of Ligusticum chuanxiong with low concentration of cadmium can be selected through the combination of molecular technology and radiation mutagenesis technology,hoping to provide reference for solving the problem of heavy metal pollution caused by Ligusticum chuanxiong.
    Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding
    Effects of Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria and Growth-Promoting Bacteria SM13 on Yield and Quality of Rice
    SONG Weimin, ZHAO Kun, YANG Fan, WANG Liyan, GUO Yongxia, WANG Haize, JING Ruiyong
    2020, 49(10):  12-19.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.002
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1170KB) ( )  
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    In order to determine whether nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and growth-promoting bacteria SM13 can increase rice yield and quality,a field plot experiment was conducted,four treatments,namely,conventional control(CK),treatment applied with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria(LZ),treatment applied with growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SM),treatment applied with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and growth-promoting bacterium SM13(SL) were designed.The differences of aboveground dry matter weight,leaf area,plant breaking-resistant strength,yield and quality of rice were studied among different treatments.The results showed that the rice leaf area of SM treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at tillering stage,the total leaf area and aboveground dry matter weight of SL treatment was significantly higher than that of CK at full heading stage,the aboveground dry matter weight of LZ and SM treatments were significantly higher than that of CK at filling stage;the lodging index of SL treatment was lower than that of other treatments,which was significantly different from LZ and SM treatments in the second node of rice stalk,and significantly different from SM treatment in the third node of rice stalk,the lodging index of LZ and SM treatments were higher than that of CK,but there was no significant difference;the rice yields of SM,LZ and SL treatments increased by 9.46%,7.39% and 4.94% compared with CK,respectively;the rice integrity and taste scores of LZ,SM and SL treatments were significantly higher than those of CK,the rice aroma score of SL treatment was significantly higher than that of CK,but the chalkiness and chalky grain rate of LZ treatment were significantly higher than those of CK,and the protein content of LZ treatment was significantly lower than that of CK.In summary,in terms of yield,SM treatment was the best;in terms of lodging resistance,SL treatment was the best;in terms of rice quality,SM and SL treatments were better.

    Effects of Foliar Application of Carbon Dioxide Trapping Agent on Yield and Quality of Rice
    LIU Yulan, WANG Yong, FAN Wenzhong, YUAN Minghao, ZHAO Hongmei, ZHAI Wenbo, SUN Shan, CHEN Dianyuan
    2020, 49(10):  20-25.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.003
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1122KB) ( )  
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    In order to improve the yield and quality of rice,taking Jihong 9 as the test material,spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent for one,two,three and four times respectively at initial tillering stage,peak tillering stage,jointing stage,booting stage and filling stage of rice,the amount of chemical fertilizer of treatment with spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent was reduced by 20%,the effects of foliar application of carbon dioxide trapping agent on the yield and quality of rice were studied.The results showed that the application of carbon dioxide trapping agent could increase rice SPAD value,leaf area index,dry matter weight,1 000-grain weight,seed setting rate and yield,the treatment with foliar application of carbon dioxide trapping agent for four times had the highest yield of 9 338.85 kg/ha,which increased by 14.53% compared with CK without carbon dioxide trapping agent.The foliar application of carbon dioxide trapping agent increased brown rice rate,amylose content and taste value,decreased chalky grain rate,chalkiness and protein content.The treatment with foliar application of carbon dioxide trapping agent for four times had the highest brown rice rate,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,amylose content and taste value,and the lowest chalky grain rate,chalkiness and protein content.Correlation analysis showed that foliar ap plication times of spraying carbon dioxide trapping agent was extremely significantly correlated with SPAD value,leaf area index,dry matter weight,1 000-grain weight,seed setting rate,yield,brown rice rate,amylose content and taste value,and significantly negatively correlated with chalky grain rate,chalkiness and protein content.To sum up,it was the best to spray carbon dioxide trapping agent for four times for rice,which both increased the yield and quality.

    Effects of Foliar Application of Zinc on Physiological Characteristics,Grain Zn Content and Yield of Waxy Corn
    LI Yuhang, DU Tianqing, GONG Rui, YANG Shutian, ZHAI Hongmei, CUI Fuzhu, SUN Min, GAO Zhiqiang
    2020, 49(10):  26.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.004
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1154KB) ( )  
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    The effects of different zinc spraying rates [0(control),0.75,2.25,3.75,5.25 kg/ha] on the physiological characteristics,grain zinc content and yield of four waxy corn varieties(Jinnuo 18,Jinnuo 20,Caitiannuo 1965,Jindannuo 41) were studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for waxy corn biological zinc strengthening and high yield.The results showed that foliar zinc application rate of 0.75—5.25 kg/ha could effectively increase the chlorophyll content and peroxidase ( POD) activity of waxy corn,reduce the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),and enhance the zinc content and yield of grain.The zinc contents of grain of the four waxy corn varieties were the highest under the condition of 5.25 kg/ha zinc,which were 16.35,18.23,18.34 mg/kg and 20.13 mg/kg,increased by 22.20%,13.44%,17.56% and 22.67% compared with the control,of which zinc content of grain of Jindannuo 41 was the highest.The yield of Jinnuo 18 was the highest under the condition of 5.25 kg/ha zinc,which was 18 371.55 kg/ha;Jinnuo 20,Caitiannuo 1965 and Jindannuo 41 all had the highest yields under 3.75 kg/ha zinc,which were 15 661.65,13 034.70 kg/ha and 16 107.45 kg/ha respectively,and the highest yields of the four waxy corn varieties increased by 26.83%,8.52%,5.13% and 11.56% compared with the control.By comprehensive consideration,Jinnuo 18 and Jindannuo 41 had higher zinc content,and could be promoted for planting.
    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of COBRA Gene Family in Sorghum bicolor
    YUAN Zhicheng, KE Yusheng, WU Fujin, WANG Jianping, XIAO Naiyan
    2020, 49(10):  33-41.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.005
    Abstract ( )   PDF (7060KB) ( )  
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    Based on the bioinformatics and comparative genomics methods,the COBRA gene family of Sorghum bicolor was identified,and gene structure,phylogenetic relationship,selection pressure and expression patterns were analyzed,so as to lay the foundation for further study of the function of the COBRA gene.The results showed that 10 COBRA genes were identified from the genome of Sorghum bicolor,named SbBC1 and SbBC1L1SbBC1L9.Five of them were distributed on chromosome 1,four of them were distributed on chromosome 2,and the remaining SbBC1L6 was distributed on chromosome 6.Besides,six members (SbBC1L1 and SbBC1L3,SbBC1 and SbBC1L4,SbBC1L2 and SbBC1L5) were generated by three-tandem replication events. All proteins encoded by COBRA genes had signal peptide and CCVS conserved domain at the N-terminus. Except for SbBC1L5,the other 9 members had the ω-site of the GPI anchor protein at C-terminus. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the COBRA genes were divided into two major groups.The first group contained two subgroups (A and B).The second group was constituted of four subgroups (C,D,E and F).Subgroup B was generated after differentiation of monocot yledonous and dicotyledonous plants,and belonged to the specific group for monocotyledonous plants.In subgroup C,COBRA gene loss occurred in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.The Ka(nonsynonymous substitution rate)/Ks(synonymous substitution rate) ratio indicated that all COBRA genes of Sorghum bicolor had experienced purification selection in the evolution process.Expression analysis showed that all COBRA genes had different expression levels in 11 tissues of Sorghum bicolor.SbBC1L1 had the higher expression in 11 tissues;three members (SbBC1,SbBC1L3 and SbBC1L4) had high expression levels in roots,pistils and new inflorescences treated by ABA(abscisic acid).While two members(SbBC1L5 and SbBC1L6) had higher expression levels in anthers tissues.

    Genetic Diversity of Staphylea bumalda DC in Hong’an County Based on SSR Markers
    LI Jing, TIAN Siyu, MAO Weitao, YAO Guoxin
    2020, 49(10):  42-47.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.006
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2706KB) ( )  
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    In order to strengthen protection,utilization and understand genetic diversity of wild germplasm of Staphylea bumalda DC in Hong’an county,24 wild germplasms of Staphylea bumalda DC were collected in different sites. Genetic diversity was studied using 21 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers,and cluster analysis was done.The results showed that a total of 56 allelic variations were detected by 21 pairs of SSR primers,and 2.95 allelic variations were detected for each pair of primers;effective alleles number(Ne)ranged from 0.635 4 to 2.748 2,and the average number was 1.622 3;Shannon-Weaver diversity index
    (I) ranged from 0.296 3 to 1.731 9,and the average was 0.772 9;Nei’s genetic diversity index(H)ranged from 0.157 4 to 0.762 5,and the average was 0.361 8;polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.115 4 to 0.752 3,and the average was 0.438 9.The 21 pairs of SSR primers could better reflect the genetic diversity information of Staphylea bumalda DC from different sites.The cluster results showed that the genetic similarity coefficient(GS) ranged from 0.58 to 0.93,and the average was 0.78;Staphylea bumalda DC were divided into two broad categories.
    Quantitative Analysis of Plant Height and Leaf Age of Sesame under Waterlogging Stress at Full Flowering Stage
    LI Guoqiang, ZHANG Jiantao, LI Yali, ZHOU Meng, CHEN Dandan, HU Feng, XIN Yinping, ZHENG Guoqing
    2020, 49(10):  48-55.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.007
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1503KB) ( )  
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    In order to evaluate the effect of different waterlogging duration at full flowering stage on plant height and leaf age of sesame,two plot experiments were conducted.Two sesame cultivars with different tolerance to waterlogging,Zhongzhi 13(tolerant type) and Zhengzhi 13(susceptible type),were assigned as main plots and five waterlogging duration of 0 h,24 h,36 h,48 h and 60 h at full flowering stage(represented by CK,W24h,W36h,W48h and W60h,respectively) were chosen as subplots.The growth curve,as well as normalization method,were used to quantitatively analyze plant height and leaf age,taking the relative days after emergence as an independent variable and the relative plant height as a dependent variable.The results showed that waterlogging increased plant height,and decreased leaf age of sesa me.The growth dynamics of plant height and leaf age,accorded with the “S” curve,were well simulated by the Logistic equation,with the root mean squared error(RMSE) of 14.68 cm and that of 2.49 pairs.The coefficient of multiple determinations(R2) was 0.970 for plant height and 0.975 for leaf age. Waterlogging had a significant effect on k for plant height and k’ for leaf age.The mean k of all waterlogging treatments increased by 9.34% for Zhongzhi 13 and 10.16% for Zhengzhi 13,respectively.In contrast, the mean k′ in all waterlogging treatments decreased by 10.69% for Zhongzhi 13 and 10.16% for Zhengzhi 13,respectively. Tmax for plant height in both Zhongzhi 13 and Zhengzhi 13 was less than 0.554.In case of leaf age,Tmax of four treatments in Zhongzhi 13 changed between 0.554 and 0.590,while Tmax of W24h and W36h in Zhengzhi 13 varied between 0.554 and 0.590,and Tmax of W48h and W60h in Zhengzhi 13 was lower than 0.554.The mean of T1 ,T2 ,T3 ,t2 of plant height for all waterlogging treatments in Zhongzhi 13 were higher than those in Zhengzhi 13.However,the mean of V2 and V3 of plant height for all waterlogging treatments in Zhongzhi 13 were smaller than those in Zhengzhi 13.The mean of T2 ,T3 ,t2 of leaf age for all waterlogging treatments in Zhongzhi 13 were higher than those in Zhengzhi 13.However,the mean of T1 ,V2 ,V3 ,V2 and V3 of plant height for all waterlogging treatments in Zhongzhi 13 were smaller than those in Zhengzhi 13.The relative growth duration and relative growth rate of plant height,as well as the relative growth rate of leaf age during rapid-increase and slow-increase stage,are the main factors leading to the difference of plant height and leaf age response to waterlogging.

    Inheritance of Long-Stalk Secretory Glandular Trichomes in Tobacco
    LI Xuejun, WANG Zhaojun, LI Yaoyu, PING Wenli, SUN Huan, MA Caijuan, CHEN Fei, SUN Jiping
    2020, 49(10):  56-62.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.008
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2783KB) ( )  
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    Tobacco secretion of long-stalk secretory glandular trichomes has an important influence on the quality of tobacco leaves.In order to clarify the genetic characteristics of long-stalk glandular trichomes,we used the homozygous long-stalk secretory glandular trichome type T.I.1068 as the male parent and non-secretory glandular trichomes type T.I.1112 as the female parent to construct a population of 6 generations(P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1and BC2).The joint segregation analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene genetic model was used to study the genetic characteristics of secretory and non-secretory types of long-stalk glandular trichomes.The results showed that the inheritance of the relative proportion of tobacco long-stalk secretory glandular trichomes to non-secretory glandular trichomes was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes plus additive-dominant-epistatic-polygenic models.The heritability of the main genes of the BC1,BC2 and F2 generations were 80.05%,97.88% and 96.50%,respectively.The heritability of the main genes was very high,and the selection of glandular trichomes types could be finished in the early generation; the multi-gene heritability of the BC1,BC2 and F2 generation were 16.15%,1.55% and 2.75%,respectively.The impact of polygenes should be considered in the BC1generation,while the impact of the polygenes in the BC2and F2 generations was negligible.Our results showed that the relative proportion of long-stalk secretory and non-secretory glandular trichomes is controlled by two pairs of main genes,mainly by major gene effects,while affected by the interaction between genes.

    Agricultural Resources and Environment
    Effects of Adding Livestock Manure on Fermentation Characteristics and Degradation Rate of Cellulose and Lignin of Aerobic Compost of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue
    ZHOU Zengyan, YU Gao, CHEN Fen, LU Xin, TANG Bangcheng, WANG Haonan, TAN Jiebin
    2020, 49(10):  63-69.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.009
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1487KB) ( )  
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    In order to investigate the effects of exogenous organic materials on Chinese herbal residues composting,taking the traditional Chinese medicine residue compost (CK,100% Chinese medicine residue)as control,the effects of adding chicken manure (T1,70% Chinese medicine residue+30% chicken manure),pig manure (T2,70% Chinese medicine residue+30% cow manure),cow manure (T3,70% Chinese medicine residue+30% cow manure) on the temperature,pH value,degradation of cellulose and lignin,changes of nutrients before and after composting and the number of viable bacteria after composting were studied.The results showed that the temperature of compost was increased,and pH value of compost was reduced after adding livestock manure, which was beneficial to the growth and reproduction of micro organisms,and promoted the degradation of cellulose and lignin in traditional Chinese medicine residue and the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter,thus speeding up the composting process.After composting,T1 treatment had the largest number of viable bacteria,reaching 0.72×109 cfu/g,which was 89.47%,33.33% and 125.00% higher than that of T2,T3 treatments and CK,respectively;C/N of T1 treatment was significantly decreased compared with the other three treatments, and T1 treatment had the highest degree of decay;while T1 treatment had the highest degradation rates of cellulose and lignin,which were 4.50%—15.42% and 6.14%—20.02% higher than that of the other treatments,respectively.It can be seen that adding chicken manure is more conducive to improve the process and humification of aerobic composting of traditional Chinese medicine residue.

    Effects of Different Control Measures on the Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure of Continuous Cropping Sorghum
    FAN Fangfang, BAI Wenbin, WANG Lei, WANG Jinsong, NIE Meng’en, LIU Peng, LI Guang, FAN Xinqi
    2020, 49(10):  70-77.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.010
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2255KB) ( )  
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    In order to clarify the mitigation effect of different control measures on continuous cropping obstacle of sorghum,three treatments which were continuous sorghum cropping treatment(T1),applying biological agent on continuous sorghum cropping(T2),sorghum/corn rotation(T3) were conducted using pot experiment, and the effects of different control measures on the growth, microbial functional diversity and Shannon index of bacteria and fungi in sorghum rhizosphere soil were studied.The results showed that applying biological agent and sorghum/corn rotation could promote the growth of sorghum.The plant height,stem diameter and biomass of sorghum with biological agent increased by 16.95%,13.33% and 19.82% compared with continuous cropping treatment,respectively.The stem diameter and biomass of sorghum/corn rotation treatment increased by 12.00% and 16.22% compared with continuous cropping treatment,respectively.The utilization of carbon sources by the sorghum rhizosphere soil microbial community showed that,the average well color development(AWCD) value of sorghum/corn rotation treatment was the highest,which was 16. 72% higher than that of continuous cropping treatment and 19.15% higher than that of applying biological agent treatment,at 96 h after culture,respectively.The result indicated that applying biological agent and sorghum/corn rotation both increased the carbon source utilization capacity of sorghum rhizosphere soil microbial community.The DGGE maps of bacteria and fungi were analyzed,the results showed that there were abundant bacterial bands in the rhizosphere soil of sorghum,and the number and brightness of bands varied among different treatments. Shannon index of rhizosphere soil bacterial community of sorghum/corn rotation treatment was significantly higher than that of continuous cropping treatment.There was an obvious difference in the number of bands of fungus 18S.Specific bands were found in continuous cropping and applying biological agent treatments,indicating that the fungi gene Shannon index in 18S zone was higher in the rhizosphere soil of continuous sorghum.Applying biological agent and sorghum/corn rotation could alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of sorghum to a certain extent, it should be noted that the effect of applying biological agent to continuous cropping soil had the best effect.

    Plant Protection
    Isolation,Identification of Common Fungi during Kiwifruit Storage and Screening of Antifungal Chinese Medicine
    LÜ Ruihua, LIN Cong, BAI Chongxu, FANG Yani, FENG Zhao, SHI Linna, LÜ Ruihua, ZHANG Xirong
    2020, 49(10):  78-84.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.011
    Abstract ( )   PDF (4759KB) ( )  
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    In order to clarify the types of common pathogens during kiwifruit storage and explore effective control measures,pathogens were isolated from kiwifruit during storage by plant tissue isolation method.Their taxonomic status were confirmed by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis.The inhibition effect of PDA media containing common antifungal Chinese medicine on mycelial growth of pathogens were determined.The results of morphology and ITS sequence analysis showed that 5 pathogens were isolated,which were identified as Mucor irregularis(Rhizomucor variabilis),Alternaria brassicae,Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria alternate and Diaporthe eres respectively.The results of antifungal Chinese medicine test showed that 0.3 g fructus cnidii,Cortex meliae and Forsythia in 1 mL PDA medium had better inhibition effect on common kiwifruit pathogens,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth of five pathogenic fungi reached more than 70%,which was significantly higher than that of other single Chinese medicines. Antifungal Chinese medicine has good inhibition effects on common fungi during kiwifruit storage,and has potential application value in production.
    Development of 25% Litsea cubeba Essential Oil EW and Its Control Effect on Phytophthora infestans
    LIU Tiantian, ZHANG Xing, XIONG Xingyao, LIU Tao, LI Xiaogang, ZHOU Qian
    2020, 49(10):  85-91.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.012
    Abstract ( )   PDF (5865KB) ( )  
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    In order to utilize Litsea cubeba essential oil to achieve green control of potato late blight,25%emulsion in water(EW) prepared by pure plant extract Litsea cubeba essential oil was used to test the inhibitory effect on Phytophthora infestans in laboratory and field,respectively.The results showed that the 1 500 and 1 800 times dilutions of 25% Litsea cubeba essential oil EW had 98.2% and 94.6% inhibition rate on the mycelial growth of P.infestans,and the field control effect of this agentia reached 75.00%.Therefore,the 25% Litsea cubeba essential oil EW can prevent the damage of P.infestans by inhibiting the growth of mycelia,and achieve green control of potato late blight,which provides a new way to control potato late blight.
    Horticulture
    Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Different Eggplant Varieties at Seedling Stage
    WU Hongqi, LIN Biying, LI Caixia, LIU Xu, ZHANG Zikun, ZHONG Luming
    2020, 49(10):  92-100.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.013
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1891KB) ( )  
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    With Round green eggplant(round,green eggplant),Xiuniang(long oval,purple black eggplant),Nongyou long eggplant(long shape,purple eggplant),Funong green eggplant(elliptical,green and white eggplant),Round purple eggplant(round,purple eggplant),No. 7 white eggplant(ellipse,white eggplant)those 6 eggplant varieties with different fruit types and fruit colors as test materials,and 120 mmol/L NaCl solution was used as stress condition to study the effect of salt stress on the morphological and physiological indexes of eggplant seedlings.Combined with principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation method of membership function, the salt tolerance of eggplant varieties was evaluated so as to obtain the reliable indexes for salt tolerance screening.The results showed that the order of the comprehensive score of morphological and physiological indexes of each variety was consistent with the result of the comprehensive evaluation of membership function,and the salt tolerance order of the eggplant was Funong green eggplant>Nongyou long eggplant>No.7 white eggplant>Round green eggplant>Xiuniang>Round purple eggplant,which indicated that the salt tolerance of Funong green eggplant and Nongyou long eggplant was stronger, followed by No.7 white eggplant, Round green eggplant and Xiuniang,and Round purple eggplant was the weakest,proline content and seedling vigour index can be used as reliable indexes for rapid identification of eggplant salt tolerance,providing theoretical basis for utilization of eggplant salt tolerance germplasm resources.
    Overexpression of PpADC Gene in Tomato Induces Dwarfism and Late-flowering
    WANG Baoquan, ZHANG Xiaona, LI Guohuai
    2020, 49(10):  101-107.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.014
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3295KB) ( )  
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    To study biological function of arginine decarboxylase gene(ADC) in growth and development of peach tree,the line overexpression the PpADC gene was used to analysis how ADC affected the growth of tomato, the growth and development status of transgenic plant was observed, and the influence of exogenous gibberellin on the growth and development of transgenic plant was analyzed.The results showed that the PpADC gene was overexpressed in transgenic tomatoes,the contents of putrescine in transgenic lines#21and#58 were 25.54% and 30.17% higher than that in wild type tomato,respectively,and both dwarfism and late-flowering were shown in these plants with increased PpADC transcript.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of gene GA20ox1 and GA3ox1 in transgenic plants were significantly lower than that of wild-type tomato,and the height of transgenic plants could be rescued by application of gibberellin,but not the development process of transgenic plants.It can be seen that PpADC gene may down-regulate the synthesis of gibberellin,and leads to dwarfism and developmental retardation,by promoting the synthesis of putrescine in plants.
    Effects of DPC and PP333 on Walnut Growth and Quality of Nuts
    XU Yidi, SONG Yan, JIANG Yanfu, HAN Xiufeng, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Shubin, GAO Shan, MAO Hongxia
    2020, 49(10):  108-115.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.015
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1558KB) ( )  
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    To understand the effect of plant growth retardants on the growth of walnut branches and leaves and fruit quality,with 7-year-old Xinxin 2 walnut tree as the experimental material and water as the control,using 200,300,400,500 mg/L of DPC and 500,1 000,2 000,3 000 mg/L of PP333,two inductions were carried out during the fruit swelling period and fruit core-hardening period.The length and thickness of walnut twigs and vegetative twigs and fruit quality were measured.And the blade dissect structure was observed.The effects of different growth retardants on the growth,leaf structure and fruit quality of walnut were analyzed.The results showed that the total length of fertile branch,the total thickness of fertile branch and the total length of foliage branch could be reduced by the application of DPC and PP333 ,but DPC had no significant effect on the total thickness of foliage branch. PP333 of 2 000 mg/L could reduce the palisade spongy and the palisade tissue/ mesophyll,and the tannin content was significantly lower than that of the control group. The comprehensive quality of walnut nuts was the best under the treatment of 200 mg/L DPC and 500 mg/L PP333.The contents of soluble sugar and tannin in fruits treated with 200 mg/L DPC were increased by 5.3% and 18.2%,respectively,compared with the control group.The contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar in walnut fruits were increased by 15.8% and 12.0% respectively under the treatment of 500 mg/L PP333 compared with the control.The control tip of walnut fruit was the best when spraying DPC or PP333 droplet at the expansion stage,and the comprehensive quality of walnut fruit was the best when spraying DPC or PP333 droplet at the concentration of 200 mg/L or 500 mg/L,respectively,which could be used for the control tip of Xinxin2 tree.

    Effects of Ericoid mycorrhizas on Physiology and Biochemistry of Rhododendron annae under Severe Drought Stress
    LI Linpan, OU Jing, CHEN Rongjian, YANG Shuting, HE Yuejun
    2020, 49(10):  116-123.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.016
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1853KB) ( )  
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    To understand the adaptation mechanism of mycorrhizal Rhododendron annae plant to severe drought stress, annual Rhododendron annaea seedlings inoculated with 2 kinds of Ericoid mycorrhizas(ERM) strains( TY29,TY35) and uninoculated seedlings(CK) were used as materials,the dynamic changes of physiology and biochemistry of mycorrhizal Rhododendron annae seedlings under severe drought stress by pot water control method were studied.The result showed that the Pro(proline)content and SOD(superoxide dismutase)activity of CK reached the maximum on day 7 after sever drought stress,MDA(malonaldehyde) content reached its maximum on day 14;Pro content,SOD activity of inoculation treatment reached the maximum on day 14, and MDA content reached the maximum on day 21; the inoculation of ERM strain significantly increased the Pro content and SOD activity of Rhododendron annae and delayed the production of MDA. Under the severe drought stress,the endogenous hormones IAA,ABA,GA3,ZR contents of Rhododendron annae had different change;the inoculation of ERM significantly increased the contents of IAA,ABA,GA3,and ZR in the leaves and roots of Rhododendron annae,and decreased the ratios of IAA to ABA,ZR to ABA,(IAA+ZR+GA3) to ABA.It can be seen that,with the duration of stress, ERM can alleviate the damage of Rhododendron annae under severe drought by regulating the contents of Pro,MDA,endogenous hormones and SOD activity.The Rhododendron annae of inoculation treatment can better adapt to the long-term severe drought environment.

    Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
    Preparation and Application of Monoclonal Antibodies against P30 Protein of African Swine Fever Virus
    HAO Liying, WANG Yanwei, SUN Yujie, CAO Hongmei, HUANG Tian, PANG Wenqiang, LI Xiangdong, DENG Junhua, TIAN Kegong
    2020, 49(10):  124-129.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.017
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2854KB) ( )  
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    In order to develop ASFV immunodiagnostic reagents,recombinant P30 protein of ASFV was prepared by Escherichia coli expression system.Monoclonal antibodies were prepared and identified to establish a gold immunochromatographic assay(GICA)for the detection of ASFV.The results showed that the recombinant expression plasmid pET28a-P30 was constructed successfully. Soluble recombinant P30 protein was expressed,and the protein could react with ASFV positive serum.Ten positive hybridoma cells stably secreting monoclonal antibodies against ASFV protein P30 were screened.The ascites ELISA titers of 10 hybridoma cells were higher than 1 ∶ 40 000.These antibodies had no cross-reaction with other common swine viruses,and all of the 10 antibodies could react with ASFV.The obtained antibodies were used to establish a GICA,which could be used to detect ASFV.
    Expression and Purification of MGF505-5R Protein of African Swine Fever Virus
    ZHANG Suling, WU Peng, YUE Ya’nan, BAI Chenyu, HAO Liying, LI Xiangdong, PANG Wenqiang, TIAN Kegong
    2020, 49(10):  130-136.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.018
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    In order to obtain African swine fever virus (ASFV) MGF505-5R protein with biological activity and its specific polyclonal antibodies,the His-SUMO,His-TrxA,His-GST,His-MBP and His-NusA gene fragments were recombinanted with MGF505-5R gene respectively,and then the pET28a-SUMO-MGF505-5R,pET28a-TrxA-MGF505-5R,pET28a-GST-MGF505-5R,pET28a-MBP-MGF505-5R and pET28a-NusAMGF505-5R were transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) competent cells,and induced by IPTG,respectively.The optimal expression conditions were explored by optimizing the concentration of IPTG,induction temperature and induction time.The target protein was purified by MBP affinity chromatography and Ni2+affinity chromatography.The BALB/c mice were immunized with purified MGF505-5R protein,and the specificity of the anti-MGF-505-5R serum was identified by Western blot. The results showed that the MBP-MGF505-5R recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E.coli,and the expression quantity of soluble MBP-MGF505-5R recombinant protein was the highest after induced by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG at 20℃ for 12 h.Purified protein was obtained by MBP and Ni2+affinity chromatography,and its purity reached 90%.The polyclonal antibody could specifically recognize the MGF-505-5R protein.In summary,this study successfully expressed ASFV MGF-505-5R protein using E.coli expression system,and the purified recombinant protein had high purity and good biological activity.

    Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody against gB Protein of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus Variant Strain HN1201
    CHENG Xuan, FU Pengfei, DU Yongkun, CHU Beibei, YANG Guoyu, WANG Jiang
    2020, 49(10):  137-142.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.019
    Abstract ( )   PDF (8238KB) ( )  
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    To obtain porcine pseudorabies virus gB specific antibodies for PRV clinical testing and laboratory research,this study immunized mice with the mutated virus strain PRV HN1201,the spleen cells of the immunized mice were fused with SP/20 cells to prepare monoclonal antibodies against PRV gB protein.An immunoperoxidase monolayer cell assay(IPMA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) were used to select a monoclonal cell line stably secreting PRV gB antibody.The antibody secreted by this cell line was identified as IgG1 subtype.The IFA titer of ascites purified antibody was 2-11 .The optimal dilution ratios of cell culture supernatant and ascites purified antibody for Western blot were 1∶50 and 1 ∶5 000,respectively,and the neutralization titer of hybridoma cells to mouse ascites was 1∶25.IPMA,IFA and Western blot test showed that the prepared monoclonal antibodies can specifically recognize PRV gB protein.
    Evaluation of Mucosal Immunity of Replication Defective Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing Capsid Protein of PCV2
    DENG Zuliying, LIU Yufeng, MA Ningning, CHEN Lu
    2020, 49(10):  143-148.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.020
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    To develop efficient porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) vaccine,the mucosal immune effect of PCV2 Cap protein epitope recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus(rAd/Cap/518) was evaluated.The Balb/c mice were immunized by oral,intramuscular and intranasal routes with rAd/Cap/518,and the mice were immunized by intranasal routes with wild rads without exogenous genes as the control group.IgG in serum,IgA antibody in saliva,lung and intestinal lavage fluid,secretion of T lymphocyte subsets and related cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in spleen,and PCV2 viral load in lymph nodes,spleen and lung were detected.The results showed that,compared with the control group,the level of serum IgG antibody induced by rAd/Cap/518 via intramuscular route increased significantly.The level of IgA antibody in local mucosa significantly increased by intranasal and oral immunization.The percentage of CD3+T cells induced by rAd/Cap/518 was 46.60%—55.65% by intranasal, intramuscular and oral routes.The percentage of CD3+CD4+T cells was 34.43%—37.29%,the percentage of CD3+CD4+T cells induced by intramuscular and oral immunization was 36.35%—41.58%,the percentage of CD3+CD8+T cells induced by intranasal immunization was 12.39%—18.32%,and the percentage of CD8+T cells induced by oral immunization was 16.29%, which were significantly higher than that of the control group.Intranasal immunization with rAd/Cap/518 could induce IFN-γ production in spleen and mesenteric lymphocytes.The virus load of immunized mice decreased significantly.These results indicate that rAd/Cap/518 mainly induces systemic immune response via intramuscular immunization,and systemic and local mucosal immune response via intranasal and oral immunization. It is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for PCV2.
    Anti-porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Effect of Extracts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones
    QIN Feng, LIU Yun, WU Zhi, WU Shuang, GUO Changming, GU Lingling, WU Xiaojie, ZHU Shanyuan
    2020, 49(10):  149-155.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.021
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2693KB) ( )  
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    In order to study the anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) effect of spider fragrant extracts,a Marc-145 cell model was established,and ribavirin was used as a positive control drug.By observing cell lesions and MTT colorimetry,on the basis of the maximum safe concentration of the extracts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on Marc-145 cells,the water extract and the alcohol extract of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups,a ribavirin positive control group,PRRSV and cells control group were established.In the control group,PRRSV was blocked,inhibited and directly inactivated.The results showed that the highest inhibition rates of the extracts of Valeriana jatamansi Jones on blocking and inhibiting PRRSV were 44.6% and 37.9%,respectively,which was significantly(P<0.01) lower than that of the ribavirin positive control group,and the cells appeared more obvious lesions.The highest inhibitory rate of the blocking and inhibition of PRRSV by the alcohol extract of Valeriana jatamansi Jones group was 107.1% and 102.6%,respectively,which was significantly(P<0.01)higher than that of ribavirin positive control group,and the cell morphology was basically intact.The highest inhibitory rates of the water extract and the alcohol extract of Valeriana jatamansi Jones groups on the direct virus inactivation were 83.5% and 120.9%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the ribavirin positive control group(P<0.01).It can be seen that the spider mellow extract has a strong anti-PRRSV effect.

    SNP Screening of DNA Methyltransferase 3a Gene in Tibetan Pig and Its Expression in Spermatozoa
    ZHAO Yanling, LI Shanzheng, WANG Fucheng, WANG Jianzhou, REN Zili
    2020, 49(10):  156-161.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.022
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    In order to screen the single nucleotide polymorphism( SNP) of DNA methyltransferase 3a(Dnmt3a) gene in Tibetan pig and analyze the expression level of this gene in Tibetan pig sperm,SNP of the gene was analyzed in Tibetan pig,Yarkshire pig and Diannan small-ear pig by PCR-direct sequencing,and it′s mRNA and protein expression levels were respectively measured in spermatozoa of Tibetan pig and Yarkshire pig by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Westen blot.The results showed that there were 2 SNPs in Dnmt3a gene 5′-flanking sequences and exon 11 region.One SNP(C→T) site was found at 2 012 bp upstream of the initial codon of Dnmt3a gene 5′-flanking sequences in Tibetan pigs,which had high heterozygosity and polymorphism information content,indicating there was large degree of variation within the population and more genetic information provided.However,this mutation site was not a peculiar SNP to Tibetan pig.The other SNP(C→T) site was found at 1 360 bp of exon regio.This SNP site had lower heterozygosity and polymorphic information content,indicating that the degree of variation within the population was smaller,and the genetic information provided was less.Both the mRNA and protein expression levels of Dnmt3a gene in spermatozoa of Tibetan pigs were significantly lower(P<0.05)than that of Yarkshire pig. The above results showed that the mutation site of 2 012 bp upstream of the initial codon in the 5′-flanking region of Dnmt3a gene in Tibetan pig could be used as a candidate marker in the molecular breeding.It might be one of the DNA methylation mechanism of Tibetan pig sperm plateau adaptation that there were lower mRNA and protein expression levels of Dnmt3a gene in spermatozoa of Tibetan pig compared to Yarkshire pig.

    Agricultural Information and Engineering and Agricultural Product Processing
    Changes of Enzyme Production and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Tobacco Leaves Fermented by Mixed Starter
    SHUAI Yao, TAO Han, TIAN Yunxia, TIAN Yongfeng, CHENG Kai, HE Laping
    2020, 49(10):  162-175.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.023
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    In order to study the effect of the mixed fermentation of strains on the quality of tobacco leaves,the artificial controlled fermentation of Dalihongda CL314 tobacco leaves was carried out by using the mixed starter of Bacillus amylolyticus GUHP86 and GZU03,and the fermentation process was explored.The changes of flavor substances before and after fermentation were detected by GC-MS.On the basis of single factor and Plackett-Burman experiment,the central composite design response surface method was used to explore the fermentation conditions,and the best fermentation process was obtained.The optimum fermentation conditions were inoculum amount of 24.0%,glucose addition amount of 1.20%,moisture content of 40%,compound ratio(GZU03∶GUHP86) of 1∶1 and soybean protein addition amount of 1.00%.GC-MS analysis showed that the relative content of nicotine decreased by 6.84 percentage points due to the metabolism of Bacillus amylolyticus in the fermented tobacco leaves,and the relative content of many aroma substances such as isobutyl isobutyrate,linalool,β-Damascus ketone and β-ionone increased.The results showed that the quality of tobacco leaves was significantly improved by the compound fermentation compared with the single fermentation and natural fermentation.It can be seen that mixed fermentation of tobacco leaves could shorten the fermentation time,improve the protease activity and sensory quality of tobacco leaves.
    Synergistic Preservation of Fresh Okra by Nano ZnO Combined with Ultraviolet Irradiation
    JI Xianzhi, WANG Huafang
    2020, 49(10):  176-180.  DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.10.024
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3159KB) ( )  
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    In order to prolong the shelf life of fresh okra, and improve the quality of its products,nano-ZnO combined with ultraviolet irradiation was used to preserve fresh okra. The effects of different nano-ZnO addition,ultraviolet intensity and ultraviolet irradiation time on,total bacterial content,protein content,vitamin C content and hue angle of okra products were studied. Taking each quality index as the object,the weighted comprehensive evaluation of okra preservation process under different preservation conditions was carried out.The results showed that the synergistic fresh-keeping treatment could reduce the total number of bacteria,and improve the quality of okra products. When ZnO amount was 0.03 g/kg,ultraviolet intensity was 220 V and ultraviolet irradiation time was 15 minutes,the weighted comprehensive score of okra preservation was the highest with 0.65,and the shelf life of okra was extended to 40 days.Under the test range,this condition was most suitable for fresh okra preservation.In conclusion,ZnO combined with ultraviolet irradiation can effectively reduce the total number of bacteria in fresh okra during storage,and be used as an effective treatment method to prolong the shelf life of fresh okra.